Question 1

After the subjective and objective data have been prioritized, the next step is to

Accepted Answer

A) order laboratory tests. 
B) formulate a problem list. 
C) establish the diagnosis. 
D) initiate therapy. 
E) initiate appropriate consultations. 
A) order laboratory tests. 
B) formulate a problem list. 
C) establish the diagnosis. 
D) initiate therapy. 
E) initiate appropriate consultations. B

Question 2

The likelihood of your diagnosis being related to your findings depends on

Accepted Answer

A) the number of ancillary tests performed. 
B) the prevalence of both in the particular population. 
C) your ability to validate your first impression. 
D) your experience with the particular condition. 
E) the number and magnitude of the presenting problems. 
A) the number of ancillary tests performed. 
B) the prevalence of both in the particular population. 
C) your ability to validate your first impression. 
D) your experience with the particular condition. 
E) the number and magnitude of the presenting problems. B

Question 3

Which of the following is initially appropriate in the management of a patient's diagnosed problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Inform the patient of the treatment plan. 
B) Give the patient detailed written instructions regarding the treatment plan. 
C) Inform the patient that the plan has been tailored to his needs. 
D) Inform the patient of treatment options and possible results. 
E) Lead the patient to an understanding that you know the best treatment option. 
A) Inform the patient of the treatment plan. 
B) Give the patient detailed written instructions regarding the treatment plan. 
C) Inform the patient that the plan has been tailored to his needs. 
D) Inform the patient of treatment options and possible results. 
E) Lead the patient to an understanding that you know the best treatment option. D

Question 4

Bits of information that are distracting and draw your thinking away from central issues are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) Bayes Theorem. 
B) true negatives. 
C) mechanism and probabilism. 
D) red herrings. 
E) false negatives. 
A) Bayes Theorem. 
B) true negatives. 
C) mechanism and probabilism. 
D) red herrings. 
E) false negatives.

Question 5

A specific test is one that has the ability to

Accepted Answer

A) correctly identify those who have the disease. 
B) correctly identify those who do not have the disease. 
C) be exclusively used to make a diagnosis. 
D) suggest the presence of a disease that is not present. 
E) exclude competing explanations for another test finding. 
A) correctly identify those who have the disease. 
B) correctly identify those who do not have the disease. 
C) be exclusively used to make a diagnosis. 
D) suggest the presence of a disease that is not present. 
E) exclude competing explanations for another test finding.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a component of a management plan?

Accepted Answer

A) Presumptive diagnosis 
B) Subspecialty consultation 
C) Diet modification 
D) Follow-up visit 
E) Patient education 
A) Presumptive diagnosis 
B) Subspecialty consultation 
C) Diet modification 
D) Follow-up visit 
E) Patient education

Question 7

In issues surrounding ethical decision making, beneficence refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) appropriate use of medical resources. 
B) care provider acting as a father or mother figure. 
C) care provider knowing what is best for the patient. 
D) need to avoid harming the patient. 
E) need to do good for the patient. 
A) appropriate use of medical resources. 
B) care provider acting as a father or mother figure. 
C) care provider knowing what is best for the patient. 
D) need to avoid harming the patient. 
E) need to do good for the patient.

Question 8

Which of the following is an accepted method of making a diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Always unifying your findings into one diagnosis 
B) Making maximal use of laboratory tests 
C) Using first assumptions 
D) Using algorithms 
E) Relying on intuition 
A) Always unifying your findings into one diagnosis 
B) Making maximal use of laboratory tests 
C) Using first assumptions 
D) Using algorithms 
E) Relying on intuition

Question 9

When determining priorities for planned actions, the practitioner should

Accepted Answer

A) address problems in the order of their chronologic development. 
B) consider whether the patient is concerned about a particular problem before addressing it. 
C) ignore the patient's social and economic circumstances. 
D) address the most urgent problem first. 
E) never consider if the cost of care will impact other areas of the patient's life. 
A) address problems in the order of their chronologic development. 
B) consider whether the patient is concerned about a particular problem before addressing it. 
C) ignore the patient's social and economic circumstances. 
D) address the most urgent problem first. 
E) never consider if the cost of care will impact other areas of the patient's life.

Question 10

When evaluating results of laboratory tests, a test that is highly sensitive implies that the test

Accepted Answer

A) suggests that a disease is present when it actually is not. 
B) will not have any false-positive results. 
C) suggests that a disease is absent when it is absent. 
D) is able to correctly identify for the disease being tested. 
E) is able to confirm a diagnosis even when the disease is not present. 
A) suggests that a disease is present when it actually is not. 
B) will not have any false-positive results. 
C) suggests that a disease is absent when it is absent. 
D) is able to correctly identify for the disease being tested. 
E) is able to confirm a diagnosis even when the disease is not present.

Question 11

Regarding stages of change, contemplation refers to

Accepted Answer

A) not yet admitting a problem. 
B) admitting there is a problem. 
C) intending to take action. 
D) changing behavior. 
E) sustaining actions and working to prevent relapse. 
A) not yet admitting a problem. 
B) admitting there is a problem. 
C) intending to take action. 
D) changing behavior. 
E) sustaining actions and working to prevent relapse.

Question 12

The most important guide to sequencing actions should be

Accepted Answer

A) probability and utility. 
B) avoid diagnoses with no available treatment. 
C) costs and risks of procedures. 
D) reimbursement potential and patient acceptance. 
E) assumption and intuition. 
A) probability and utility. 
B) avoid diagnoses with no available treatment. 
C) costs and risks of procedures. 
D) reimbursement potential and patient acceptance. 
E) assumption and intuition.

Question 13

In practice, the use of evidence

Accepted Answer

A) is called evidence-based practice. 
B) replaces intuitive responses. 
C) makes intuitive responses inconsequential. 
D) affirms intuitive responses. 
E) need not undergo critical review. 
A) is called evidence-based practice. 
B) replaces intuitive responses. 
C) makes intuitive responses inconsequential. 
D) affirms intuitive responses. 
E) need not undergo critical review.

Question 14

New symptoms or findings of unknown etiology are

Accepted Answer

A) problems to be noted on the problem list. 
B) deferred for subsequent visits. 
C) diagnosed before physical examination. 
D) reserved for specialists. 
E) usually "red herrings." 
A) problems to be noted on the problem list. 
B) deferred for subsequent visits. 
C) diagnosed before physical examination. 
D) reserved for specialists. 
E) usually "red herrings."

Question 15

Examiner experience should result in

Accepted Answer

A) an ability to stay focused on one's favorite hypotheses. 
B) a reliance on intuition. 
C) an ability to order more laboratory tests. 
D) the need to spend more time with patients. 
E) the ability to analyze data with more confidence. 
A) an ability to stay focused on one's favorite hypotheses. 
B) a reliance on intuition. 
C) an ability to order more laboratory tests. 
D) the need to spend more time with patients. 
E) the ability to analyze data with more confidence.

Question 16

The proportion of persons with an observation characteristic of a disease that have the disease is known as _____ value.

Accepted Answer

A) sensitivity positive specific 
B) negative specific 
C) positive predictive 
D) negative predictive 
E) true negative 
A) sensitivity positive specific 
B) negative specific 
C) positive predictive 
D) negative predictive 
E) true negative

Question 17

Medical decision making requires a balance between

Accepted Answer

A) speculation and feelings. 
B) opinions and beliefs. 
C) knowledge and superstition. 
D) mechanism and probability. 
E) trust and suspicion. 
A) speculation and feelings. 
B) opinions and beliefs. 
C) knowledge and superstition. 
D) mechanism and probability. 
E) trust and suspicion.

Question 18

The adage "common problems occur commonly" advises the practitioner to

Accepted Answer

A) always diagnose the patient's problem in terms of what their practice usually sees. 
B) refer any uncommon complaints to specialists as soon as possible. 
C) consider the most likely cause of the patient's problem before considering the obscure. 
D) examine uncommon problems critically before assuming that the issue is an unusual presentation of a common problem. 
E) be aware that common problems never have unusual presentations. 
A) always diagnose the patient's problem in terms of what their practice usually sees. 
B) refer any uncommon complaints to specialists as soon as possible. 
C) consider the most likely cause of the patient's problem before considering the obscure. 
D) examine uncommon problems critically before assuming that the issue is an unusual presentation of a common problem. 
E) be aware that common problems never have unusual presentations.

Question 19

The duties of care providers established by tradition and within the context of culture are known as

Accepted Answer

A) beneficence. 
B) allopathic imperatives. 
C) deontologic imperatives. 
D) utilitarian imperatives. 
E) paternalistic imperatives. 
A) beneficence. 
B) allopathic imperatives. 
C) deontologic imperatives. 
D) utilitarian imperatives. 
E) paternalistic imperatives.

Question 20

The term denoting the caregiver's need to do no harm to the patient is

Accepted Answer

A) autonomy. 
B) deontologic imperative. 
C) nonmaleficence. 
D) utilitarianism. 
E) beneficence. 
A) autonomy. 
B) deontologic imperative. 
C) nonmaleficence. 
D) utilitarianism. 
E) beneficence.

Exam 25: Taking the Next Steps: Critical Thinking

After the subjective and objective data have been prioritized, the next step is to

The likelihood of your diagnosis being related to your findings depends on

Which of the following is initially appropriate in the management of a patient's diagnosed problem?

Bits of information that are distracting and draw your thinking away from central issues are referred to as

A specific test is one that has the ability to

Which of the following is not a component of a management plan?

In issues surrounding ethical decision making, beneficence refers to the

Which of the following is an accepted method of making a diagnosis?

When determining priorities for planned actions, the practitioner should

When evaluating results of laboratory tests, a test that is highly sensitive implies that the test

Regarding stages of change, contemplation refers to

The most important guide to sequencing actions should be

In practice, the use of evidence

New symptoms or findings of unknown etiology are

Examiner experience should result in

The proportion of persons with an observation characteristic of a disease that have the disease is known as _____ value.

Medical decision making requires a balance between

The adage "common problems occur commonly" advises the practitioner to

The duties of care providers established by tradition and within the context of culture are known as

The term denoting the caregiver's need to do no harm to the patient is

The History and Interviewing Process

Cultural Competency

Examination Techniques and Equipment

Vital Signs and Pain Assessment

Mental Status

Growth and Measurement

Nutrition

Skin, Hair, and Nails

Lymphatic System

Head and Neck

Eyes

Ears, Nose, and Throat

Chest and Lungs

Heart

Blood Vessels

Breasts and Axillae

Abdomen

Female Genitalia

Male Genitalia

Anus, Rectum, and Prostate

Musculoskeletal System

Neurologic System

Sports Participation Evaluation

Putting It All Together

Recording Information

Emergency or Life-Threatening Situations

Filters