Exam 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

The unfortunate case of Phineas Gage allowed researchers to learn how the frontal lobe interacts with the amygdala to affect emotion regulation.

Debbie works as a floor representative at a cell phone company.Her job is to receive information from potential customers about their needs and interests and enter it into a computer system that passes on the information to the appropriate specialized technician in order to meet customer needs.The computer system is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

fMRI scans can be used to determine cause and effect between brain activity and behaviour.

The medulla is referred to as the "little brain" because it is extremely vital to basic life functions.

In epigenetics,the environment influences gene expression:

Multiple sclerosis is associated with the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering the axon.

Adults who suffer damage to their hippocampus will be MOST likely to have problems remembering:

What are the two specialized extensions of the neuron that allow it to communicate?

An air-traffic controller must sustain her concentration for hours at a time in order to monitor arrivals and departures to prevent accidents.The activity of which neurotransmitter is underlying her vigilance?

Electrochemical action involves both conduction and transmission.

Alek lost his right hand in an industrial accident.Many years later,he still feels the sensation of having a right hand when his:

Researchers are beginning to use transcranial magnetic stimulation to:

The frontal lobe processes auditory information into meaningful units.

After a trauma to the head,Tim began making poor decisions on a regular basis and had trouble planning ahead.In what area of the cerebral cortex do you suspect damage occurred?

The effects of cardiovascular exercise on brain plasticity are GREATEST in:

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I The scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi,A. ,Sugden,K. ,Moffitt,T.E. ,Taylor,A. ,Craig,I.W. ,Harrington,H. ,McClay,J. ,Mill,J. ,Martin,J. ,Braithwaite,A. ,& Poulton,R.(2003).Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene.Science,301(5631),386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter,a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron.Several polymorphisms of the gene exist,including a "short" (s)and a "long" (l)variation.As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent,people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene),s/l,and l/l.Caspi et al.(2003)interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives.Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I)The function of the serotonin transporter protein is to:

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I The scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi,A. ,Sugden,K. ,Moffitt,T.E. ,Taylor,A. ,Craig,I.W. ,Harrington,H. ,McClay,J. ,Mill,J. ,Martin,J. ,Braithwaite,A. ,& Poulton,R.(2003).Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene.Science,301(5631),386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter,a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron.Several polymorphisms of the gene exist,including a "short" (s)and a "long" (l)variation.As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent,people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene),s/l,and l/l.Caspi et al.(2003)interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives.Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I)Under conditions of low stress:

One difference in the nervous systems of vertebrates and invertebrates is that:

There are more neurons in the brain than glial cells.

The executive office of a company engages in a variety of processes to ensure its survival in a competitive market.The executive office is the metaphorical _____ of the company.