Exam 9: Language and Thought

Damage to the front part of the left temporal lobe results in difficulty identifying:

Means-ends analysis is one type of _____ reasoning

The sentences "The dog chased the cat" and "The dog was chased by the cat" have _____ deep structure and _____ surface structure.

Lauren has just begun to use two-word phrases,such as "give doll" and "throw ball." Lauren is probably about _____ months old.

Leanna,a bride to be,is glancing over an updated list of the people who will be attending her wedding reception.There actually will be an equal number of people from her family and from her fianc?Robert's family.Without counting,Leanna perceives that more people from _____ family will be in attendance due to the _____.

Human infants can distinguish among all of the contrasting sounds that occur in all human languages.

Researchers have just discovered a new drug to cure acne,but it has an 80% failure rate.According to the framing effect:

Human infants begin babbling between the ages of _____ months.

While solving problems,insight is associated with a burst of activity in the:

The linguistic relativity hypothesis holds that:

On average,gamblers with prefrontal cortex damage will show less of an emotional reaction to a loss than will non-brain-damaged gamblers.

Cross-cultural research on preliterate societies suggest that competency on reasoning tests depends MOST on:

Recent research suggests that language affects the way we process colours.

_____ is a mental activity that consists of organizing information or beliefs into a series of steps in order to reach conclusions.

_____ morphemes refer to things and events.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I The scenario is based on and presents results consistent with the following studies: Snedeker,J. ,Geren,J. ,& Shafto,C.L.(2007).Starting over: International adoption as a natural experiment in language development.Psychological Science,18(1),79-87.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01852.x Snedeker,J. ,Geren,J. ,& Shafto,C.L.(2012).Disentangling the effects of cognitive development and linguistic expertise: A longitudinal study of the acquisition of English in internationally-adopted children.Cognitive Psychology,65(1),39-76.doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.01.004 Language development occurs in orderly stages,beginning with one-word utterances and progressing to two-word utterances,simple sentences containing function morphemes,and the emergence of grammatical rules.Psycholinguists have attempted to determine if language development is a consequence of cognitive development or if it reflects linguistic processes that occur independently of general cognitive development.Studies on the acquisition of a second language in internationally adopted children have provided insight into this research question.In a series of studies,Snedeker and colleagues (2007,2012)studied the acquisition of the English language in adopted preschoolers from China.These children had no exposure to the English language before being adopted by families in the United States. Figure 9.1 -(Scenario I)Which reason BEST explains why the research question posed in Scenario I could not be answered by studying infants' acquisition of the English language and comparing it with infants' acquisition of the Spanish language in American-born bilingual homes?

A language acquisition device (LAD)is something that is acquired through experience.

The basis of means-ends analysis as a problem-solving technique is to:

Because the combined probability of events is always _____ than the independent probability of each event,it's always _____ probable that any one state of affairs is true than a set of events simultaneously.

A simple syntactical rule in the English language is "i before e except after c."