Question 1

Correlation is to _____ as experimentation is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) measurement of variables;manipulation of variables 
B) single variables;multiple variables 
C) manipulation of variables;measurement of variables 
D) unobtrusiveness;correlation 
A) measurement of variables;manipulation of variables 
B) single variables;multiple variables 
C) manipulation of variables;measurement of variables 
D) unobtrusiveness;correlation

Question 2

Random assignment involves randomly:

Accepted Answer

A) selecting participants for inclusion into the experiment. 
B) determining which variable will be manipulated and which will be measured. 
C) determining how many levels of the independent variable will be investigated. 
D) placing participants into the different groups of the experiments. 
A) selecting participants for inclusion into the experiment. 
B) determining which variable will be manipulated and which will be measured. 
C) determining how many levels of the independent variable will be investigated. 
D) placing participants into the different groups of the experiments.

Question 3

Current ethical guidelines prohibit conducting psychological research on animals that involves pain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A normal distribution is symmetrical around its peak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The belief that accurate knowledge of the world requires observations of it is called:

Accepted Answer

A) empiricism. 
B) methodology. 
C) dogmatism. 
D) pragmatism. 
A) empiricism. 
B) methodology. 
C) dogmatism. 
D) pragmatism.

Question 6

Describing time based on the duration it takes the earth to revolve around the sun is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) measurement instrument. 
B) demand characteristic. 
C) operational definition. 
D) reactive observation. 
A) measurement instrument. 
B) demand characteristic. 
C) operational definition. 
D) reactive observation.

Question 7

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals approves of the use of animals in psychological research. 
B) Most research in psychology involves the use of animals. 
C) Animals in psychological research may be exposed to painful stimuli if there is no other way to conduct the research and there is a strong justification for the research. 
D) The Candian Council on Animal Care (CCA
C) is against the use of animals in psychological research. 
A) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals approves of the use of animals in psychological research. 
B) Most research in psychology involves the use of animals. 
C) Animals in psychological research may be exposed to painful stimuli if there is no other way to conduct the research and there is a strong justification for the research. 
D) The Candian Council on Animal Care (CCA
C) is against the use of animals in psychological research.

Question 8

Which statement describes a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased time studying is associated with a higher GPA. 
B) Life expectancy increases as body weight decreases. 
C) Body weight tends to increase with increases in height. 
D) People who eat more tend to weigh more. 
A) Increased time studying is associated with a higher GPA. 
B) Life expectancy increases as body weight decreases. 
C) Body weight tends to increase with increases in height. 
D) People who eat more tend to weigh more.

Question 9

What does the term manipulation mean in the context of performing an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to design an experiment so that participants react in certain predetermined ways 
B) the ability to change a variable in order to determine its causal powers 
C) the ability to hold constant third variables 
D) the ability to control the responses of research participants 
A) the ability to design an experiment so that participants react in certain predetermined ways 
B) the ability to change a variable in order to determine its causal powers 
C) the ability to hold constant third variables 
D) the ability to control the responses of research participants

Question 10

Half the measurements in a positively skewed frequency distribution are greater than or equal to the _____,and half are less than or equal to it.

Accepted Answer

A) mode 
B) mean 
C) median 
D) range 
A) mode 
B) mean 
C) median 
D) range

Question 11

Third variables are not adequately controlled when random assignment fails to create equivalent groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A positive correlation between smoking and mental illness is evidenced by the fact that people who smoke are more likely to have a mental illness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An experimental group should be identical to a control group in every way except one: the manipulation of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

James,a psychologist,observes that some people who are exposed to a traumatic childhood experience anxiety disorders later in their lives,whereas some people do not.Which quality of humans,illustrated in this scenario,makes them difficult to study?

Accepted Answer

A) tractability 
B) variability 
C) empathy 
D) reliability 
A) tractability 
B) variability 
C) empathy 
D) reliability

Question 15

Eyes and ears are to _____ as knowledge from elders is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis;theory 
B) theory;hypothesis 
C) dogmatism;empiricism 
D) empiricism;dogmatism 
A) hypothesis;theory 
B) theory;hypothesis 
C) dogmatism;empiricism 
D) empiricism;dogmatism

Question 16

Reliability is the tendency of an operational definition and a property to have a clear conceptual relation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Terrence is studying how music affects attitudes.On a hot June day,he exposes one group of university students to classical music and another group to jazz,while he measures their attitudes towards war.In this scenario,the dependent variable is the:

Accepted Answer

A) type of music being played. 
B) students' attitudes towards war. 
C) students' psychological responses to the music. 
D) volume of the music being played. 
A) type of music being played. 
B) students' attitudes towards war. 
C) students' psychological responses to the music. 
D) volume of the music being played.

Question 18

Why do neither matched samples nor matched pairs effectively eliminate the possibility of a third-variable correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) Each technique depends on the other;matched samples are studied first,followed later by matched pairs. 
B) Both techniques allow us to rule out a particular third variable as a causal agent,but not the possibility of other third variables. 
C) Both techniques fail to utilize random sampling. 
D) By eliminating specific third variables,cause-and-effect relations are artificially established. 
A) Each technique depends on the other;matched samples are studied first,followed later by matched pairs. 
B) Both techniques allow us to rule out a particular third variable as a causal agent,but not the possibility of other third variables. 
C) Both techniques fail to utilize random sampling. 
D) By eliminating specific third variables,cause-and-effect relations are artificially established.

Question 19

An educational psychologist is interested in comparing two educational techniques in a sample of preschool children.In part because she believes that one technique might be more effective than the other,children are randomly assigned to the two techniques so that every child has the same opportunity to be assigned to the more effective technique.Randomly assigning students to groups satisfies which feature of ethical research?

Accepted Answer

A) external validity 
B) beneficence 
C) being just 
D) respecting persons 
A) external validity 
B) beneficence 
C) being just 
D) respecting persons

Question 20

The results from the classic experiment involving psychology students randomly assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A) labelling students as "gifted" has negative effects on their social lives. 
B) students identified as "not gifted" actually may work harder academically due to increased motivation. 
C) labelling students as "gifted" actually has unintended negative consequences on academic performance. 
D) students labelled as gifted do better in school because teachers treat them differently. 
A) labelling students as "gifted" has negative effects on their social lives. 
B) students identified as "not gifted" actually may work harder academically due to increased motivation. 
C) labelling students as "gifted" actually has unintended negative consequences on academic performance. 
D) students labelled as gifted do better in school because teachers treat them differently.

Correlation is to _ as experimentation is to _.

Random assignment involves randomly:

Current ethical guidelines prohibit conducting psychological research on animals that involves pain.

A normal distribution is symmetrical around its peak.

The belief that accurate knowledge of the world requires observations of it is called:

Describing time based on the duration it takes the earth to revolve around the sun is an example of a(n):

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is TRUE?

Which statement describes a negative correlation?

What does the term manipulation mean in the context of performing an experiment?

Half the measurements in a positively skewed frequency distribution are greater than or equal to the _____,and half are less than or equal to it.

Third variables are not adequately controlled when random assignment fails to create equivalent groups.

A positive correlation between smoking and mental illness is evidenced by the fact that people who smoke are more likely to have a mental illness.

An experimental group should be identical to a control group in every way except one: the manipulation of the independent variable.

James,a psychologist,observes that some people who are exposed to a traumatic childhood experience anxiety disorders later in their lives,whereas some people do not.Which quality of humans,illustrated in this scenario,makes them difficult to study?

Eyes and ears are to _ as knowledge from elders is to _.

Reliability is the tendency of an operational definition and a property to have a clear conceptual relation.

Terrence is studying how music affects attitudes.On a hot June day,he exposes one group of university students to classical music and another group to jazz,while he measures their attitudes towards war.In this scenario,the dependent variable is the:

Why do neither matched samples nor matched pairs effectively eliminate the possibility of a third-variable correlation?

The results from the classic experiment involving psychology students randomly assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats suggest that:

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

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Exam 2: Methods in Psychology

Correlation is to _____ as experimentation is to _____.

Random assignment involves randomly:

Current ethical guidelines prohibit conducting psychological research on animals that involves pain.

A normal distribution is symmetrical around its peak.

The belief that accurate knowledge of the world requires observations of it is called:

Describing time based on the duration it takes the earth to revolve around the sun is an example of a(n):

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is TRUE?

Which statement describes a negative correlation?

What does the term manipulation mean in the context of performing an experiment?

Half the measurements in a positively skewed frequency distribution are greater than or equal to the _____,and half are less than or equal to it.

Third variables are not adequately controlled when random assignment fails to create equivalent groups.

A positive correlation between smoking and mental illness is evidenced by the fact that people who smoke are more likely to have a mental illness.

An experimental group should be identical to a control group in every way except one: the manipulation of the independent variable.

James,a psychologist,observes that some people who are exposed to a traumatic childhood experience anxiety disorders later in their lives,whereas some people do not.Which quality of humans,illustrated in this scenario,makes them difficult to study?

Eyes and ears are to _____ as knowledge from elders is to _____.

Reliability is the tendency of an operational definition and a property to have a clear conceptual relation.

Terrence is studying how music affects attitudes.On a hot June day,he exposes one group of university students to classical music and another group to jazz,while he measures their attitudes towards war.In this scenario,the dependent variable is the:

Why do neither matched samples nor matched pairs effectively eliminate the possibility of a third-variable correlation?

The results from the classic experiment involving psychology students randomly assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats suggest that:

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

Filters

Correlation is to _ as experimentation is to _.

Eyes and ears are to _ as knowledge from elders is to _.