Exam 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Paxton has difficulty with dating.Whenever his friends point out a woman they think he should approach,Paxton thinks about how she will probably reject him.As a result,he rarely asks anyone out,and he complains to his friends that women don't like "nice guys." A humanistic therapist would probably say that Paxton should

Dr.Banning believes that most of his clients' behaviours are due to unconscious internal forces.He is particularly interested in his clients' early family relationships.He often asks about how clients see their parents and themselves.Dr.Banning is probably a ______________ therapist.

Catherine has noticed that her friends are more likely to complain about stress around the holidays.She wonders how holidays and stress are related and what might be done to reduce people's stress levels.In other words,she wonders how one might solve the problem of holiday-related stress.To find out,she would need to use

Yvette has been struggling to decide which major she wants to declare.She has asked her friends and family for advice,but their answers have just confused her more.Finally,she decides to see a therapist.Rather than giving her more advice,her therapist says it's all right for her to struggle with these kinds of questions,and that all people have an internal force that moves us toward self-actualization.What does this mean?

Kalinda has been having trouble with her college classes.Each time a professor announces an assignment,she worries that she won't do it right.Every time she takes a test,she worries that she hasn't studied the right things.When her friends notice that she's been acting depressed and ask if she's all right,she tells them she can't do anything right.To help her,a cognitive therapist would probably suggest that Kalinda

Dr.Mateo believes that every child is born a blank slate.Children's early environments shape their personalities,though the children may be continually affected by their environments as they grow.Everything comes down to a simple principle in Dr.Mateo's mind: If our behaviours are followed by satisfying consequences,we will repeat them,and if the consequences are unsatisfying,we won't repeat them.Dr.Mateo is probably a ___________________ therapist.

David loves reading about what motivates employees,how companies choose job applicants,and how machines are designed around human capabilities.If David chooses to pursue an advanced degree in psychology,the best fit is probably

Today,stress-related diseases like stroke,heart attack,and cancer are more likely to kill people than are communicable diseases like influenza,tuberculosis,and syphilis.Researchers argue that this is because our bodies are not prepared to deal with the constant demands of modern life: noise,pollution,endless daily decisions,and pressures to look more attractive,make more money,and buy more things.What is the best evolutionary explanation for why we are not prepared to handle modern stressors?

Temira tells her roommate,Carmella,that she recently read that people who paint their rooms blue get better grades.Carmella knows that painting their room will be a lot of work.Therefore,she asks Temira where she got her information and what evidence her sources had for their conclusion.She also wonders if there might not be another reason that people with blue rooms have higher grades-for example,maybe smart people prefer the colour blue.What skill is Carmella using?

Ramesh has come to Canada from India to seek his college degree.When he is a senior,his parents tell him that they have arranged his marriage to a young woman named Nalini.They provide him with a detailed description of her personality and goals in life,and she seems to have all the qualities Ramesh would like in a wife.Ramesh tells his parents he will marry her.Ramesh's Canadian friends tell him he is crazy to consider marrying someone he has never met,but Ramesh says that he is from a/an _____________ culture and that ___________________

Astrid's friend Evan is taking a psychology course.He tells her all about Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic perspective,John Watson's behavioural perspective,and Abraham Maslow's humanistic perspective.Astrid becomes frustrated,because some of the perspectives seem to say the same thing,just in different ways."What's the point of all the different perspectives?" she asks Evan."Why not use just one?" Evan should tell her that

Zuna is writing a psychology paper on intelligence testing with African-American women.Many of the articles date back to the birth of psychology in the late 1800s.Zuna's favourite articles on her topic are from 1921 and 1994.Interestingly,the 1921 article contradicts the findings from 1994.Zuna decides to rely on the 1994 article.This is a particularly good decision because

Two early humans go hunting for food.They have comparable intelligence.Brawn is strong and fast;Timorous is scrawny and easily tired by vigorous exercise.The men are attacked by a panther.They both run,but Timorous lags behind and is killed by the panther.The panther then chases and overcomes Brawn,who manages to fight off the panther and escape.Brawn passes his strength and speed on to many children;Timorous had only one child before he died.What process is responsible for Brawn's having more offspring than Timorous?

Gary is depressed and unenthusiastic about his classes and worries that he has chosen the wrong major.At the suggestion of a friend,he goes to see a therapist.To his surprise,Dr.Takeri is not interested in Gary's relationship with his mother,his family history,or anything else about Gary's past.Instead,Dr.Takeri focuses on what Gary is currently thinking and how he interprets those thoughts.Dr.Takeri conducts therapy from a _________________ perspective.

Paxton has difficulty with dating.Whenever his friends point out a woman they think he should approach,he finds himself thinking about how she will probably reject him.As a result,he rarely asks anyone out,and he complains to his friends that women don't like "nice guys." A cognitive-behavioural therapist would probably say that Paxton should

Armand is watching a television show that says scientific studies have indicated that the environment's immediate response to our behaviour affects whether or not we will repeat it.Armand has been trying to teach his dog not to chew on his shoes,and after watching the show he realizes that yelling at his dog when he gets home from work isn't going to fix the problem-he has to catch his dog actually chewing his shoes.This is an excellent example of how

Talia has been having anxiety attacks.She meets with Dr.Eisenbein,who explains that our brain chemistry often affects how we feel.Dr.Eisenbein suggests that Talia try taking a medication called Zoloft.Talia goes home to do some research on the Internet.She learns that the brain chemicals to which Dr.Eisenbein is referring are called

Dewayne is taking a psychology class.He isn't really interested in discussions about the unconscious,childhood influences,or the way different structures in the brain work.Instead,he is interested in the purpose of certain psychological mechanisms.For example,he wonders why we feel disgusted by a food that made us sick or why some emotions are the same all over the world but others aren't.Dewayne is thinking most like a

It has been said that no two people have the same parents,since parents respond to and treat each child differently.Watson and Skinner would probably ___________ with this statement because __________________.

Selma and Nissa were both adopted.Their ages are one year apart.Their parents worked hard to treat them both the same.However,now that they are in college,they seem very different.Selma volunteers at the local hospital,plays several team sports,and plans to become a pediatrician.Nissa enjoys painting in her studio,taking historical tours,and practicing yoga.She hopes to become an art restoration specialist.Which area of psychology would best explain the differences between Selma and Nissa?