Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

________ occurs when we act,speak,and make decisions out of habit.

At 66 years of age,Hilda is worried when researchers ask her to take an IQ test.She knows that older people are assumed to have failing cognitive abilities.What term is used to describe Hilda's anxiety? How might Hilda's test-taking performance be affected by her worries?

Research on visual images shows that people are able to manipulate the images in their imaginations.

Karen Kitchener and Patricia King asked adolescents and adults to explain how they had decided to adopt a particular stance on a controversial issue.The responses were categorized in seven stages of reflective thought that could be combined into three groups: - pre-reflective judgment - quasi-reflective judgment - reflective judgment Describe the typical responses from individuals from each of these three groups.Analyze the gradual development of thinking skills among undergraduate and graduate college students.

If someone were to receive an IQ score of 105 today,it would mean that person:

Quasi-reflective thinkers would be likely to say that:

The gradual development of thinking skills among undergraduate college students represents an abandonment of "intelligent confusion" in favour of "ignorant certainty."

Stereotype threat refers to:

Which of the following is a prototype of the concept "high school course"?

Critics have argued that intelligence tests favour some groups over others.For example,one test item requires that children identity the composer of the Emperor Concerto! In response,how have test makers tried to design tests that are "culture free" or "culture fair"? Discuss two reasons for disappointing results in regard to both of these approaches.

As an African Canadian,Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence.When he is given an intelligence test,it is most likely that:

Multitasking is possible because some of our cognitive processing is:

As Alyson awaits the birth of her first grandchild she says that she doesn't care if the baby is a boy or a girl as long as it is healthy.But as she holds her newborn granddaughter,Alyson says that she had known all along that it was the little girl she had hoped for! The barrier to rational reasoning illustrated by Alyson is called:

In the ________ stages,people assume that a correct answer always exists and can be obtained through the senses or from authorities.

According to our textbook,intelligence is defined as an inferred characteristic of an individual,usually defined as the ability to profit from experience,acquire knowledge,think abstractly,act purposefully,or adapt to changes in the environment.

________ are linked together by propositions.

Being capable of thought means that humans can ponder the past and future,instead of being bound to the present.

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,there are three aspects of intelligence.The ________ aspect refers to the information-processing strategies that go on inside your head when you are thinking intelligently about a problem.

Animals solve problems in ways that fascinate us.Describe the research that has led some researchers to conclude that animals can think,including in your essay information regarding Sultan,the chimpanzee studied by Wolfgang Kohler; Kanzi,the bonobo who uses a computer keyboard; and Alex,the African grey parrot who vocalizes English words.

Explanations of animal behaviour that rely solely on instinct would have difficulty interpreting the fact that mother chimpanzees show their young how to use stone tools to open nuts.