Question 1

A mental category that groups objects,relations,activities,abstractions,or qualities having common properties is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) concept. 
B) mental set. 
C) algorithm. 
D) prototype. 
A) concept. 
B) mental set. 
C) algorithm. 
D) prototype.

Question 2

According to our textbook,intelligence is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes,using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world and about his or her own specific mental talents. 
B) an inborn,global characteristic of an individual usually defined as the innate ability to notice similarities between objects,create logical sequences out of disordered events,and acquire information. 
C) a measure of memory,vocabulary,and perceptual discrimination that was originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100. 
D) an inferred characteristic of an individual usually defined as the ability to profit from experience,acquire knowledge,think abstractly,act purposefully,or adapt to changes in the environment. 
A) the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes,using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world and about his or her own specific mental talents. 
B) an inborn,global characteristic of an individual usually defined as the innate ability to notice similarities between objects,create logical sequences out of disordered events,and acquire information. 
C) a measure of memory,vocabulary,and perceptual discrimination that was originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100. 
D) an inferred characteristic of an individual usually defined as the ability to profit from experience,acquire knowledge,think abstractly,act purposefully,or adapt to changes in the environment.

Question 3

In general,people try to avoid losses when making a decision.Explain why this cognitive bias may affect a person's decision about accepting or rejecting various aspects of medical treatment.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a basic concept?

Accepted Answer

A) mammal 
B) dog 
C) Dalmatian 
D) living creature 
A) mammal 
B) dog 
C) Dalmatian 
D) living creature

Question 5

Which of the following is a prototype of the concept "fruit"?

Accepted Answer

A) apple 
B) pineapple 
C) grape 
D) kiwi 
A) apple 
B) pineapple 
C) grape 
D) kiwi

Question 6

When there are typically several possible answers that vary in quality,then the mode of thought is:

Accepted Answer

A) an algorithm. 
B) intuition. 
C) formal reasoning. 
D) informal reasoning. 
A) an algorithm. 
B) intuition. 
C) formal reasoning. 
D) informal reasoning.

Question 7

Which of the following species is NOT able to pass the "mirror test" demonstrating self-awareness?

Accepted Answer

A) chimpanzees 
B) orangutans 
C) spider monkeys 
D) dolphins 
A) chimpanzees 
B) orangutans 
C) spider monkeys 
D) dolphins

Question 8

In the context of problem solving,mental sets:

Accepted Answer

A) can enhance or detract from accurate problem solving,depending on the conditions. 
B) make the use of heuristics more efficient. 
C) always enhance accurate problem solving. 
D) encourage creativity. 
A) can enhance or detract from accurate problem solving,depending on the conditions. 
B) make the use of heuristics more efficient. 
C) always enhance accurate problem solving. 
D) encourage creativity.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of formal reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) There is typically one correct answer. 
B) You usually know when the problem is solved. 
C) All premises are supplied. 
D) The problem typically has personal relevance. 
A) There is typically one correct answer. 
B) You usually know when the problem is solved. 
C) All premises are supplied. 
D) The problem typically has personal relevance.

Question 10

Reasoning is purposeful mental activity that involves operating on information in order to reach conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Even though his physician has told him that there is not an association between weather conditions and arthritis pain,Neville is convinced that his arthritis will act up when barometric pressure changes.Neville's tendency to see a meaningful pattern even when it doesn't exist is called:

Accepted Answer

A) justification of effort. 
B) mental set. 
C) mindlessness. 
D) stereotype threat. 
A) justification of effort. 
B) mental set. 
C) mindlessness. 
D) stereotype threat.

Question 12

Psychologists disagree on the definition of intelligence.Describe different approaches to the definition of intelligence.How does your textbook define intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 13

________ is a prototype of the concept "bachelor."

Accepted Answer

A) Pope John Paul II 
B) Leonardo DiCaprio 
C) Paul McCartney 
D) Robert Redford 
A) Pope John Paul II 
B) Leonardo DiCaprio 
C) Paul McCartney 
D) Robert Redford

Question 14

Caleb is surprised when his girlfriend eats the sugar-coated flower on her dinner plate because he had assumed that the flower was garnish.It is evident that:

Accepted Answer

A) edible flowers would be considered prototypes of Caleb's concept of food. 
B) mental set has influenced the way that Caleb's girlfriend acts to a novel item on her plate. 
C) Caleb's girlfriend is exhibiting the concept of mindlessness. 
D) Caleb's concept of flowers did not include the quality of being edible. 
A) edible flowers would be considered prototypes of Caleb's concept of food. 
B) mental set has influenced the way that Caleb's girlfriend acts to a novel item on her plate. 
C) Caleb's girlfriend is exhibiting the concept of mindlessness. 
D) Caleb's concept of flowers did not include the quality of being edible.

Question 15

The broadening of the notion of intelligence through Gardner's theory has been useful because it has led to a focus on teaching children practical strategies for improving their abilities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Noah thinks of himself as an excellent negotiator when purchasing cars.Two months after Noah's purchase,his brother-in-law gets the same model for $1000 less! According to cognitive dissonance theory,Noah:

Accepted Answer

A) will ask his brother-in-law to come along with him the next time he purchases a car. 
B) will decide that he was wrong and that he isn't that good at negotiating a good car price. 
C) will begin to dislike his new car,noticing all the little details that bother him. 
D) will decide that he is glad he had the car for those two months,even though prices soon dropped. 
A) will ask his brother-in-law to come along with him the next time he purchases a car. 
B) will decide that he was wrong and that he isn't that good at negotiating a good car price. 
C) will begin to dislike his new car,noticing all the little details that bother him. 
D) will decide that he is glad he had the car for those two months,even though prices soon dropped.

Question 17

Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout high school until she took her first foreign language course.In this course,her grades were much lower than usual.How might mental set have played a role in Connie's academic problem?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 18

In the 1950s,a social psychologist and two of his associates joined a "doomsday" group in order to study how the group members would react when the world did not end as predicted by their leader.How did the believers respond? Analyze their responses according to the theory of cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 19

The most likely individual to experience cognitive dissonance would be:

Accepted Answer

A) Lisa,who gave up smoking because she became pregnant. 
B) Sybil,whose parents choose a car for her that turns out to be a lemon. 
C) Vickie,who went through a mild initiation to join a sorority she ended up disliking. 
D) Heidi,who signed up to join the army only to find that she hates basic training. 
A) Lisa,who gave up smoking because she became pregnant. 
B) Sybil,whose parents choose a car for her that turns out to be a lemon. 
C) Vickie,who went through a mild initiation to join a sorority she ended up disliking. 
D) Heidi,who signed up to join the army only to find that she hates basic training.

Question 20

Starting with the basic building blocks of thought and working up,which of the following is the correct sequence of the elements of cognition?

Accepted Answer

A) propositions and mental images,concepts,cognitive schemas 
B) concepts,propositions and mental images,cognitive schemas 
C) mental images,propositions and cognitive schemas,concepts 
D) concepts,propositions and cognitive schemas,mental images 
A) propositions and mental images,concepts,cognitive schemas 
B) concepts,propositions and mental images,cognitive schemas 
C) mental images,propositions and cognitive schemas,concepts 
D) concepts,propositions and cognitive schemas,mental images

A mental category that groups objects,relations,activities,abstractions,or qualities having common properties is called a/an:

According to our textbook,intelligence is defined as:

In general,people try to avoid losses when making a decision.Explain why this cognitive bias may affect a person's decision about accepting or rejecting various aspects of medical treatment.

Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a basic concept?

Which of the following is a prototype of the concept "fruit"?

When there are typically several possible answers that vary in quality,then the mode of thought is:

Which of the following species is NOT able to pass the "mirror test" demonstrating self-awareness?

In the context of problem solving,mental sets:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of formal reasoning?

Reasoning is purposeful mental activity that involves operating on information in order to reach conclusions.

Even though his physician has told him that there is not an association between weather conditions and arthritis pain,Neville is convinced that his arthritis will act up when barometric pressure changes.Neville's tendency to see a meaningful pattern even when it doesn't exist is called:

Psychologists disagree on the definition of intelligence.Describe different approaches to the definition of intelligence.How does your textbook define intelligence?

________ is a prototype of the concept "bachelor."

Caleb is surprised when his girlfriend eats the sugar-coated flower on her dinner plate because he had assumed that the flower was garnish.It is evident that:

The broadening of the notion of intelligence through Gardner's theory has been useful because it has led to a focus on teaching children practical strategies for improving their abilities.

Noah thinks of himself as an excellent negotiator when purchasing cars.Two months after Noah's purchase,his brother-in-law gets the same model for $1000 less! According to cognitive dissonance theory,Noah:

Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout high school until she took her first foreign language course.In this course,her grades were much lower than usual.How might mental set have played a role in Connie's academic problem?

In the 1950s,a social psychologist and two of his associates joined a "doomsday" group in order to study how the group members would react when the world did not end as predicted by their leader.How did the believers respond? Analyze their responses according to the theory of cognitive dissonance.

The most likely individual to experience cognitive dissonance would be:

Starting with the basic building blocks of thought and working up,which of the following is the correct sequence of the elements of cognition?

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion,stress,and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

A mental category that groups objects,relations,activities,abstractions,or qualities having common properties is called a/an:

According to our textbook,intelligence is defined as:

In general,people try to avoid losses when making a decision.Explain why this cognitive bias may affect a person's decision about accepting or rejecting various aspects of medical treatment.

Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a basic concept?

Which of the following is a prototype of the concept "fruit"?

When there are typically several possible answers that vary in quality,then the mode of thought is:

Which of the following species is NOT able to pass the "mirror test" demonstrating self-awareness?

In the context of problem solving,mental sets:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of formal reasoning?

Reasoning is purposeful mental activity that involves operating on information in order to reach conclusions.

Even though his physician has told him that there is not an association between weather conditions and arthritis pain,Neville is convinced that his arthritis will act up when barometric pressure changes.Neville's tendency to see a meaningful pattern even when it doesn't exist is called:

Psychologists disagree on the definition of intelligence.Describe different approaches to the definition of intelligence.How does your textbook define intelligence?

________ is a prototype of the concept "bachelor."

Caleb is surprised when his girlfriend eats the sugar-coated flower on her dinner plate because he had assumed that the flower was garnish.It is evident that:

The broadening of the notion of intelligence through Gardner's theory has been useful because it has led to a focus on teaching children practical strategies for improving their abilities.

Noah thinks of himself as an excellent negotiator when purchasing cars.Two months after Noah's purchase,his brother-in-law gets the same model for $1000 less! According to cognitive dissonance theory,Noah:

Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout high school until she took her first foreign language course.In this course,her grades were much lower than usual.How might mental set have played a role in Connie's academic problem?

In the 1950s,a social psychologist and two of his associates joined a "doomsday" group in order to study how the group members would react when the world did not end as predicted by their leader.How did the believers respond? Analyze their responses according to the theory of cognitive dissonance.

The most likely individual to experience cognitive dissonance would be:

Starting with the basic building blocks of thought and working up,which of the following is the correct sequence of the elements of cognition?

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion,stress,and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters