Exam 22: Social Change and the Environment

Which sociologist traced the emergence of capitalism to the Protestant Reformation?

Explain the different assumptions that unilinear and multilinear evolutionary theories have about the social changes in society.

Based on Ogburn's theory, identify and explain the three processes of social change and provide an example of each process.

According to Max Weber, the idea that Protestants should work hard and be thrifty was an unexpected consequence of the ________.

According to Karl Marx, what would be the end result of workers being pushed by capitalists to make more and more products without appropriate changes in compensation and treatment?

According to the concept environmental injustice, what two groups are affected the most by pollution?

Why was it necessary for the world's most powerful nations to accept Russia as a member of the Group of 7 and to be considering China for membership?

Briefly summarize the evolutionary theory of social change proposed by Karl Marx and discuss why his theory is no longer used to explain social change.

Match the term with the definition. 1) Gemeinschaft 2) Gesellschaft 3) geopolitics 4) unilinear theory 5) multilinear theory 6) dialectical process 7) invention 8) discovery 9) diffusion 10) alienation 11) distance learning 12) acid rain 13) global warming 14) environmental sociology 15) ecosabotage -A) theories that assume all societies follow the same path of development from the simple to the more complex B) Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor C) actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are thought to be legally harming the environment D) modern, large, more urbanized societies that are fast changing E) a new way of seeing reality F) rain containing sulfuric and nitric acids (burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that become sulfuric and nitric acids when they react with moisture in the air) G) a specialty within sociology whose focus is how humans affect the environment and how the environment affects humans H) traditional societies that are small, rural, and slow changing I) the belief that each thesis contains its own contradiction or antithesis that must be resolved forming a synthesis J) theories that society can follow different routes to achieve the same stage of development K) the spread of an invention or discovery from one area to another L) an increase in the earth's temperature due to the greenhouse effect M) the realignment of the world's powers since World War II N) courses taught to students who are not physically present with their instructor O) the combination of existing elements and materials to form new ones

Because of new technologies, more parents can work at home, which can strengthen families and lead to a decrease in the divorce rate. This example demonstrates how new technology can transform ________.

The development of the assembly line process and use of interchangeable parts is an example of how technology has changed ________.

Central to all evolutionary theories of social change, whether they are unilinear or multilinear, is the assumption of cultural progress.

What term did Karl Marx use to describe the dissatisfaction and unrest felt by workers when they are separated from the ownership of their work?

The computer now allows the instantaneous transfer of billions of dollars from one country to another. One of the concerns of governments about this easy transferring of digitized money is that ________.

What has been the result of the industrialized Western nations exporting food and medicine to the Least Industrialized Nations?

Although all the faculty members of Acadia University have new state-of-the-art computers, several professors refuse to use them and even replaced them with personal typewriters. This is an example of ________.

Why is Marx's view on social order comparable to a "dog chasing his tail?"

The theories that propose societies may take different routes, but eventually lead to the same stage of development, are ________ theories.

The text describes fascinating advances in military technology that includes remote control drones, killer satellites, and laser guided bombs. Will advances such as these make the soldier of the twentieth century obsolete?

The invention of the plow is to the second social revolution as the ________ is to the third social revolution.