Exam 10: Prosocial Behaviour

The authors provide the text of a UPI story describing the discovery of the bones of a disabled dwarf in a cave in northern Italy.The reporters speculate that over 12,000 years ago,early hominids would take care of the disabled members of their group._______ would argue that the bones belonged to a dwarf who was related to the other cave inhabitants,whereas _______ would argue that the other inhabitants relied on the dwarf for some unknown purpose.

The crowded sidewalk is coated with ice.You feel a sharp pain and hear a cracking sound when you fall.You know that you've broken your leg.How might you overcome the bystander effect to ensure that you get help from passersby?

Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal.She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations.Because these cool and calm responses _______,Gillian will be _______.

John Darley and Daniel Batson (1973)conducted a study in which participants were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic.These researchers found that _______ because _______.

Based on results of John Darley and Daniel Batson's (1973)"Good Samaritan" experiment,who is most likely to help an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice?

Paul Amato (1983)staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury.The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas.When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man,he found that

Every morning at the bus stop,Carlos encounters an old woman begging for change.She is clearly hungry and alone.Because Carlos feels very bad for this woman and can "feel her pain," he makes a point of giving her some change each morning that he sees her.Which theoretical approach best explains Carlos's behaviour?

In which situation are you least likely to stop and think before helping out the other person?

A child starts to cry after she sees her best friend trip and scrape her knee.The child's behaviour is most likely an example of

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free._______ is more likely to stop to help her out because _______.

A(n)_______ group is a group which individuals identify with and of which they feel they are members.

Based on research by Twenge and colleagues on exclusion from the group,who would be least likely to help out the band by standing in for one of the members who is sick?

It would seem reasonable to assume that people from interdependent cultures,in which people feel more "connected" to others,would be more likely to help than people from individualistic cultures.Explain why it is not quite that simple and straightforward.

In analyzing gender differences in prosocial behaviour,helping that involves _______ is likely to be performed by _______.

Joseph was on the subway when he noticed a man lying slumped over on the seat.Joseph looked around at the other passengers,who seemed calm and unconcerned.Joseph concluded that the man was probably okay.However,the other passengers may have been looking around at Joseph,to see how he reacted.This would be an example of

In explaining the process by which kin selection works to encourage altruism,evolutionary psychologists would argue that

In _______ relationships,partners are less concerned with _______ and more concerned with the welfare of the other partner.

Some have speculated that people in rural areas are more likely to help than people in urban areas because "trust" and "being neighbourly" are more valued in rural than in urban settings.Were this true,who would be most likely to help a stranger who needed assistance?

According to the urban overload hypothesis,people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

According to research on the effects of mood on helping,good moods are likely to _______ the odds that we will spontaneously help another,and bad moods are likely to _______ the odds that we will spontaneously help.