Exam 4: The Self: Answering the Question: Who Am I

In the United States,gender differences in self-esteem are most pronounced among ________.

Distinguish between downward social comparisons and upward social comparisons.

In an interaction between two "Pats," Pat,when reminded of ________ gender,is likely to show ________ responses toward a person in need than the other Pat will when reminded of ________ gender.

When Karen was recently asked to describe herself to her classmates,she spoke about being a student and a member of her class.She pointed out similarities and differences between herself and her fellow students.Karen was primarily making ________ comparisons.

________ is the process of encouraging others to like us by praising them.

As one of a number of ________,people are quite willing to avoid responsibility for their failures,but all too willing to accept credit for their successes.

Recent research has demonstrated that women will frequently perform worse on a math test when men are present than when the same test is administered to a female-only group.This finding illustrates ________.

According to recent research,White males performed less well on an "athletic performance task" when they expected to be compared to ________ males.When the same task was called a ________,white males performed better when they expected to be compared to ________.

An individual's view of the self may ________ to the extent that a reported high self-esteem level implies superiority to others.

Social identity theory suggests that we will ________ others who outperform us on an important task,when our group identity is salient.

Jeff has had Juan as his roommate for a semester.Jeff,who has a low opinion of his own athletic skills,has been praised by Juan on a number of occasions for his (Jeff's)play during intramural football games.To begin the spring semester,Jeff has asked for a new roommate.What's going on here? Describe the basic self-presentational underpinnings,and give a more specific theoretical explanation for Jeff's behavior.

In meeting a new roommate,David stresses his studious qualities,an aspect of himself he wishes others to agree with,while being willing to underplay other potentially important aspects of himself.David is practicing a ________ approach in presenting himself to others.

When we compare ourselves to others who are more capable,we are engaged in a(n)________.

Our self-concept varies periodically because ________.

Suppose that we might expect to receive prejudice or disapproval for some aspect of ourselves.We may "play down" or subvert that aspect to the extent that ________.

A ________ generally refers to an individual whose behavior and achievements we wish to emulate.

Describe the nature of gender self-construal as it relates to inter- and intra-group comparisons.Use self-insecurity as the dependent variable of interest.That is,in an experiment,how did within- and between-group comparisons differ on participant self-ratings on this dependent variable?

________,Bobby Ray argues,would change his life forever.It is likely that Bobby Ray would be ________ a year later than he would now predict.

________ can make one aspect of the self more salient than other aspects of the self.

The process of comparing our own performance to that of someone who is less capable is known as ________ social comparison.