Exam 4: The Self: Answering the Question: Who Am I

African American participants at time 1 scored lower on a difficult verbal test than White participants.At time 2,this racial difference disappeared.What did participants experience between time 1 and time 2?

People tend to describe themselves in different ways under different circumstances.According to Mendoza-Denton's (2001)research,people who are given open-ended prompts tend to describe themselves using ________ terms.

We tend to make ________ attributions for our own behaviors,but ________ attributions for others' behaviors.

Differences between shy and non-shy people appeared to be ________ online compared to offline because of the ________ of ________.

Betty and Vera are best friends who are both being treated for depression.Betty has come to believe that Vera's case of depression is much worse than her own case.Consequently,Betty is making a(n)________ comparison that will likely ________ her self-esteem,and cause her to feel ________.

A person's evaluation of his or her ability to reach a goal is known as ________.

George believes he is the best basketball player at his school,maybe even in the city.He believes he's also smarter than almost everybody.His self-esteem score is high on both explicit and implicit measures.Nick is new to the school and challenges George to a game of one on one.Nick wins the game by a landslide and taunts George by saying,"I thought you said you could play." Based on research by Baumeister and colleagues,what is George likely to do?

Having been given "acting lessons" to either 1)"try to feel as if you are 14 years old at dinner with family," or 2)"put on a performance so you will seem to others as if you're 14 years old at dinner with family," participants in acting condition ________ were more likely to see themselves as having ________.

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

College students report telling on average two lies per day.The reasons for doing so are

When Jeremy was recently asked to describe himself to his classmates,he spoke about being a member of the football team and how this helped to make his experiences different from those of other students in the class.Jeremy was primarily making ________ comparisons.

Our lowered capacity to exert subsequent self-control following earlier efforts to exert self-control is referred to as _____.

Katherine and Amy are members of the same sorority at college and are members of the school's swim team.They have been trying to master a difficult dive from the high board at the college's swimming pool.Amy is showing faster improvement in the dive than Katherine is.If they compare their performance as team mates and sorority sisters,social identity theory suggests that ________.

Our self-construals can vary depending on what is made ____ to us at any given moment.

Recent research on prejudice suggests that attributing a negative personal outcome to prejudice may be protective of one's self-esteem if the prejudice is ________,while it may be harmful to one's overall sense of psychological well-being if the prejudice is ________.

The above average effect is ________.

Prior to Taylor and Brown's (1988)important article,it had always been assumed that ________ is a cornerstone of good mental health.

William plays softball on the weekends with a group of friends from work.He believes he is a better pitcher than Tyreke because batters have fewer hits when he pitches than when Tyreke pitches.This type of comparison can best be explained by ________.

The personal-social identity continuum recognizes that we ________.

Discuss introspection.What is it? Is it a good thing? More specifically,what can happen to specific attitudes or behaviors if we introspect about them?