Exam 2: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

The academic performance of certain students dramatically improved when teachers were led to believe that those students were intellectually gifted,regardless of the true ability levels of the students.This result shows the importance of ________.

The tendency for people to believe they can accomplish more in a given period of time than they can actually accomplish is known as ________.

Despite the fact that Lance has had to overcome many obstacles in his life and that things don't always turn out the way he wants them to,Lance still thinks that his future is very bright and that things will turn out for the best in the long run.This is an example of ________.

Andrew saw a TV commercial for a new video game that he had been wanting.The game was on sale for 50% off,but the store was set to close in two hours.Andrew was fifteen minutes late getting to the store and missed the sale.To ease his distress about missing the sale,Andrew reasoned that he never really had a chance to get to the store before it closed because traffic was too heavy,even though he could have taken a different,quicker route.This is an example of ________.

Schemas - our mental frameworks for organizing information about the world - sometimes ________ us from noticing important details about our situation.

When making judgments that involve emotions or feelings,we tend to rely on ________.

People frequently fall prey to the planning fallacy because ________.

Briefly describe the representativeness heuristic and explain how it is related to the idea of base rates.

In an experiment,priming of the rudeness trait resulted in participants being more willing to ________ an experimenter who was in the midst of a conversation than did priming of the politeness trait.

An increased availability of information due to exposure to specific stimuli is known as ________.

The fact that we can make judgments and evaluations about different aspects of the world in either a controlled,reflective way or an automatic way suggests ________.

Jason is undergoing treatment for depression.His therapist has encouraged Jason to remember as many details as possible about times when Jason was not feeling depressed.Jason is having difficulties remembering a time when he was not depressed.This is probably because of the effects of ________.

Simple rules for making complex decisions or drawing inferences are known as ________.

One way to manage information overload is to make use of ________.

What are ways in which cognition has an influence on affect? How do we know what we are feeling? In other words,what role does cognition play in regulating affect? Describe a key study by Schachter that talks about the use of distraction.

Our tendency to believe we can accomplish more in a given amount of time than we really can is known as the ________.

The tendency to use a particular number or value as a starting point to which changes are made is known as ________.

Greg has just stopped his car to allow a funeral procession to pass by.The cars in the procession all have stickers from his alma mater and are similar to the car he is driving.At this point he realizes that he too will certainly die at some point.Based on the concept of terror management which of the following is Greg likely to do next?

Where schemas are concerned,the perseverance effect is ________.

Shortly before being interviewed for a job she really wants,Meredith finds that the Human Resources Director was involved in a minor traffic accident during lunch.Should Meredith be concerned that the traffic accident may have a negative influence on the outcomes of the job interview?