Question 1

Which of the following methods would likely be effective in eliminating a child's phobia of dentists?

Accepted Answer

A) Inform the child that he will be punished if he does not go to the dentist so the dentist is associated with the positive feelings of nonpunishment. 
B) Inform the child that his teeth will hurt if the dentist does not clean them so the dentist is paired with pain relief. 
C) Inform the child that his teeth will rot if the dentist does not clean them so the dentist is paired with a feared UCS. 
D) Take the child to his favorite restaurant after visiting the dentist so the dentist is paired with a pleasurable UCS. 
A) Inform the child that he will be punished if he does not go to the dentist so the dentist is associated with the positive feelings of nonpunishment. 
B) Inform the child that his teeth will hurt if the dentist does not clean them so the dentist is paired with pain relief. 
C) Inform the child that his teeth will rot if the dentist does not clean them so the dentist is paired with a feared UCS. 
D) Take the child to his favorite restaurant after visiting the dentist so the dentist is paired with a pleasurable UCS.

Question 2

Candy,ice cream,and cookies are examples of __________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary 
B) primary 
C) approximating 
D) artificial 
A) secondary 
B) primary 
C) approximating 
D) artificial

Question 3

A stimulus is reinforced according to Skinner if it

Accepted Answer

A) reduces a biological need. 
B) induces a biological need. 
C) increases the probability of the response that produced it. 
D) decreases the probability of the response that produced it. 
A) reduces a biological need. 
B) induces a biological need. 
C) increases the probability of the response that produced it. 
D) decreases the probability of the response that produced it.

Question 4

Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats,but if loud noises and white rats are presented in sequence,Albert may learn to fear rats.In this example,white rats would be the

Accepted Answer

A) CS. 
B) UCS. 
C) CR. 
D) UCR. 
A) CS. 
B) UCS. 
C) CR. 
D) UCR.

Question 5

Which branch of behaviorism is able to explain why sometimes you might choose to run a red light?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus-organism-response 
B) Methodological 
C) Radical 
D) Operant 
A) Stimulus-organism-response 
B) Methodological 
C) Radical 
D) Operant

Question 6

Baby Marianne enjoys her little toy rattle.Assuming the sound of the rattle is a reinforcement,a baby's response of shaking the rattle is reinforced according to a __________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) variable ratio 
B) continuous 
C) fixed ratio 
D) partial ratio 
A) variable ratio 
B) continuous 
C) fixed ratio 
D) partial ratio

Question 7

In the process of extinction,the CR decreases in magnitude because

Accepted Answer

A) the CR trace decays. 
B) the CR is replaced by another acquisition. 
C) the CR was suppressed. 
D) habituation occurred. 
A) the CR trace decays. 
B) the CR is replaced by another acquisition. 
C) the CR was suppressed. 
D) habituation occurred.

Question 8

Researchers studying the effects of television violence on aggression have found that

Accepted Answer

A) media violence may cause aggression in children but this is difficult to substantiate becausemost of the research has been correlational. 
B) media violence may cause aggression in children because most children who watch violent television programs display aggressive personality types. 
C) media violence causes aggression in children because high correlations exist between media viewing and amounts of violence viewed and aggressive behaviors. 
D) media violence causes aggression in children because correlation proves causation. 
A) media violence may cause aggression in children but this is difficult to substantiate becausemost of the research has been correlational. 
B) media violence may cause aggression in children because most children who watch violent television programs display aggressive personality types. 
C) media violence causes aggression in children because high correlations exist between media viewing and amounts of violence viewed and aggressive behaviors. 
D) media violence causes aggression in children because correlation proves causation.

Question 9

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day is a behavior that is established by way of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 10

Allowing students with "A" averages exemptions from taking a final exam is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

negative r

Question 11

Who is NOT reacting to a discriminative stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) Karina,who shows up for his 8 AM class at 8 AM 
B) Ingrid,who cleans her room for 5 dollars 
C) Ged,who answers his phone 
D) Tom,who quiets down as he enters the library 
A) Karina,who shows up for his 8 AM class at 8 AM 
B) Ingrid,who cleans her room for 5 dollars 
C) Ged,who answers his phone 
D) Tom,who quiets down as he enters the library

Question 12

Which founding behaviorist might have argued that the same principles underlying our ability to read this textbook allow us to learn to ride a bike?

Accepted Answer

A) Watson 
B) Pavlov 
C) Tolman 
D) Skinner 
A) Watson 
B) Pavlov 
C) Tolman 
D) Skinner

Question 13

Dewain,a veteran of the Iraq war,shakes uncontrollably whenever a plane flies overhead.He also shakes,although not as badly,when he drives by an air and space museum.Dewain is exhibiting __________.

Accepted Answer

stimulus g

Question 14

The schedule of reinforcement described as being most resistant to extinction is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The schedule of reinforcement described as being...

Question 15

The audience quiets down as the lights in the movie theater are dimmed.The dimmed lights are a

Accepted Answer

A) punisher. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) partial reinforcer. 
D) discriminative stimulus. 
A) punisher. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) partial reinforcer. 
D) discriminative stimulus.

Question 16

You are the director of a rehabilitation center and are distressed by the high number of addicts returning to your facility after treatment.Describe how occasion setters may be responsible for the low success rates you are observing.

Accepted Answer

Explain that although you might break th

Question 17

The simplest form of learning is

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) acquisition. 
C) instrumental. 
D) spontaneous learning. 
A) habituation. 
B) acquisition. 
C) instrumental. 
D) spontaneous learning.

Question 18

It is the first day of class,and your professor has just started her lecture.Mindy,a woman in the front row,raises her hand to ask a question.The professor halts her lecture and tells Mindy not to interrupt her when she is talking.Scott,sitting behind Mindy,decides not to ask his question.What type of learning is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A) Latent 
B) Cognitive 
C) Observational 
D) Modeling 
A) Latent 
B) Cognitive 
C) Observational 
D) Modeling

Question 19

The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which level of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed interval 
B) Fixed ratio 
C) Variable interval 
D) Variable ratio 
A) Fixed interval 
B) Fixed ratio 
C) Variable interval 
D) Variable ratio

Question 20

Learning to tie one's shoe is most likely acquired via the process of

Accepted Answer

A) reflexive conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) discriminative conditioning. 
D) successive approximations. 
A) reflexive conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) discriminative conditioning. 
D) successive approximations.

Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following methods would likely be effective in eliminating a child's phobia of dentists?

Candy,ice cream,and cookies are examples of __________ reinforcers.

A stimulus is reinforced according to Skinner if it

Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats,but if loud noises and white rats are presented in sequence,Albert may learn to fear rats.In this example,white rats would be the

Which branch of behaviorism is able to explain why sometimes you might choose to run a red light?

Baby Marianne enjoys her little toy rattle.Assuming the sound of the rattle is a reinforcement,a baby's response of shaking the rattle is reinforced according to a __________ schedule.

In the process of extinction,the CR decreases in magnitude because

Researchers studying the effects of television violence on aggression have found that

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day is a behavior that is established by way of

Allowing students with "A" averages exemptions from taking a final exam is an example of __________.

Who is NOT reacting to a discriminative stimulus?

Which founding behaviorist might have argued that the same principles underlying our ability to read this textbook allow us to learn to ride a bike?

Dewain,a veteran of the Iraq war,shakes uncontrollably whenever a plane flies overhead.He also shakes,although not as badly,when he drives by an air and space museum.Dewain is exhibiting __________.

The schedule of reinforcement described as being most resistant to extinction is __________.

The audience quiets down as the lights in the movie theater are dimmed.The dimmed lights are a

You are the director of a rehabilitation center and are distressed by the high number of addicts returning to your facility after treatment.Describe how occasion setters may be responsible for the low success rates you are observing.

The simplest form of learning is

The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which level of reinforcement?

Learning to tie one's shoe is most likely acquired via the process of

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