Question 1

Targeted drugs are therapeutics designed to_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) treat a large class of diseases 
B) treat a specific disease based on the efficacy of the drug in a large population 
C) treat only one person 
D) treat a specific disease based on the efficacy of the drug in a small population 
A) treat a large class of diseases 
B) treat a specific disease based on the efficacy of the drug in a large population 
C) treat only one person 
D) treat a specific disease based on the efficacy of the drug in a small population D

Question 2

In order to take advantage of adoptive cell therapies,the tumor must be biopsied and the tumor infiltrating leukocytes are_______ for reactivity and then cultured _______prior to being reinfused into the patient.

Accepted Answer

A) screened; in vitro 
B) mutated; in vitro 
C) screened; in vivo 
D) mutated; in vivo 
A) screened; in vitro 
B) mutated; in vitro 
C) screened; in vivo 
D) mutated; in vivo A

Question 3

One method to target the immune system of a patient to a cancer cell that it is nonresponsive to is the use of _______.

Accepted Answer

A) WGS 
B) SNPs 
C) VNTRs 
D) CARs 
A) WGS 
B) SNPs 
C) VNTRs 
D) CARs D

Question 4

Using "- omics" data prior to designing a treatment for patients is the goal of _______.

Accepted Answer

A) precision medicine 
B) classic medicine 
C) neopharmaceuticals 
D) next generation medicine 
A) precision medicine 
B) classic medicine 
C) neopharmaceuticals 
D) next generation medicine

Question 5

Neoantigens are_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) mutations that are silent 
B) mutations that result in cancer 
C) mutated proteins expressed in the cytosol of cancer cells 
D) mutated proteins expressed on the outer membrane of cancer cells 
A) mutations that are silent 
B) mutations that result in cancer 
C) mutated proteins expressed in the cytosol of cancer cells 
D) mutated proteins expressed on the outer membrane of cancer cells

Question 6

Precision medicine is_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) an approach that uses individual and molecular information to direct treatment 
B) an approach that applies precise treatment to a large population 
C) an approach that uses "- omics" data to determine treatment for large populations 
D) an approach that maximizes the cost/benefit to a sizable population of patients 
A) an approach that uses individual and molecular information to direct treatment 
B) an approach that applies precise treatment to a large population 
C) an approach that uses "- omics" data to determine treatment for large populations 
D) an approach that maximizes the cost/benefit to a sizable population of patients

Question 7

Chimeric antigen receptors are engineered surface receptors on autologous T cells.Describe how CARs provide a method of targeting cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

CARs allow the engineered targeting of c

Question 8

Cancer cells have developed a mechanism to repress T cell response to neoantigens.Present a method that would allow restoration of the T cell response when the response is halted at a checkpoint.

Accepted Answer

To restore T cell function when the resp

Question 9

Personalized medicine is_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) based on an average of molecular profiles 
B) used to design treatments for multiple patients 
C) a subset of precision medicine 
D) involves screening drugs on individual patients 
A) based on an average of molecular profiles 
B) used to design treatments for multiple patients 
C) a subset of precision medicine 
D) involves screening drugs on individual patients

Question 10

Immunotherapies seek to take advantage of _______in treating cancers.

Accepted Answer

A) a patient's own cancer cells 
B) a patient's own SNPs 
C) a patient's own immune system 
D) a patient's own genome 
A) a patient's own cancer cells 
B) a patient's own SNPs 
C) a patient's own immune system 
D) a patient's own genome

Question 11

Mutations in the proteins that are involved in drug metabolism are of immense importance in personalized medicine.Explain how being aware of mutations in the gene CYP2D6 can affect a physician's treatment plan for an individual.

Accepted Answer

CYP2D6 is involved in the metabolism of

Question 12

Describe the structural differences between endogenous T cell receptors and CAR T cell receptors.

Accepted Answer

Endogenous T cell receptors are very com

Question 13

A patient suffering from an unknown cancer is being treated with standard chemotherapy.Describe how personalized medicine could potentially help treat this individual.

Accepted Answer

By sequencing the entire exome of the pa

Question 14

One method for determining if a targeted drug will be effective is to perform a FISH assay on a biopsy of the diseased tissue.How does FISH demonstrate potential efficacy of the drug?

Accepted Answer

A FISH assay determines the copy number

Question 15

Which of the following is not a side effect of current CAR T cell therapies?

Accepted Answer

A) headaches 
B) neurotoxicity 
C) eventual tumor resistance 
D) inflammatory response 
A) headaches 
B) neurotoxicity 
C) eventual tumor resistance 
D) inflammatory response

Question 16

The age of precision medicine comes with many legal and ethical issues.Evaluate the current hurdles to personalized medicine becoming common place.

Accepted Answer

There are several hurdles that precision

Question 17

All of the following are ways tumors avoid immune response EXCEPT _______.

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of regulatory T cells 
B) the use of endocytosis to destroy T cells 
C) the use of checkpoint molecules 
D) abnormal expression of MHC 
A) the presence of regulatory T cells 
B) the use of endocytosis to destroy T cells 
C) the use of checkpoint molecules 
D) abnormal expression of MHC

Question 18

Immune system cells that are responsible for the recognizing neoantigens and targeting tumors are called_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) monocytes 
B) macrophages 
C) regulatory T cells 
D) tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes 
A) monocytes 
B) macrophages 
C) regulatory T cells 
D) tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes

Question 19

In future,medical schools will have to adapt their education to include _______ to better equip physicians to interpret precision medicine data.

Accepted Answer

A) anatomy 
B) bioinformatics 
C) pharmacology 
D) biochemistry 
A) anatomy 
B) bioinformatics 
C) pharmacology 
D) biochemistry

Question 20

Adoptive cell transfer uses autologous cells.What does autologous cells?

Accepted Answer

A) cells that are automatically expressing chimeric receptors 
B) cells are taken from a donor other than the patient 
C) cells are taken from the patient,augmented,and then reinfused to the patient 
D) automatically made 
A) cells that are automatically expressing chimeric receptors 
B) cells are taken from a donor other than the patient 
C) cells are taken from the patient,augmented,and then reinfused to the patient 
D) automatically made

Exam 29: Genomics and Precision Medicine

Targeted drugs are therapeutics designed to_______ .

In order to take advantage of adoptive cell therapies,the tumor must be biopsied and the tumor infiltrating leukocytes are_______ for reactivity and then cultured _______prior to being reinfused into the patient.

One method to target the immune system of a patient to a cancer cell that it is nonresponsive to is the use of _______.

Using "- omics" data prior to designing a treatment for patients is the goal of _______.

Neoantigens are_______ .

Precision medicine is_______ .

Chimeric antigen receptors are engineered surface receptors on autologous T cells.Describe how CARs provide a method of targeting cancer cells.

Cancer cells have developed a mechanism to repress T cell response to neoantigens.Present a method that would allow restoration of the T cell response when the response is halted at a checkpoint.

Personalized medicine is_______ .

Immunotherapies seek to take advantage of _______in treating cancers.

Mutations in the proteins that are involved in drug metabolism are of immense importance in personalized medicine.Explain how being aware of mutations in the gene CYP2D6 can affect a physician's treatment plan for an individual.

Describe the structural differences between endogenous T cell receptors and CAR T cell receptors.

A patient suffering from an unknown cancer is being treated with standard chemotherapy.Describe how personalized medicine could potentially help treat this individual.

One method for determining if a targeted drug will be effective is to perform a FISH assay on a biopsy of the diseased tissue.How does FISH demonstrate potential efficacy of the drug?

Which of the following is not a side effect of current CAR T cell therapies?

The age of precision medicine comes with many legal and ethical issues.Evaluate the current hurdles to personalized medicine becoming common place.

All of the following are ways tumors avoid immune response EXCEPT _______.

Immune system cells that are responsible for the recognizing neoantigens and targeting tumors are called_______ .

In future,medical schools will have to adapt their education to include _______ to better equip physicians to interpret precision medicine data.

Adoptive cell transfer uses autologous cells.What does autologous cells?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

Filters

In order to take advantage of adoptive cell therapies,the tumor must be biopsied and the tumor infiltrating leukocytes are_ for reactivity and then cultured _prior to being reinfused into the patient.