Exam 14: Empirical Reasoning

Scientific inquiry, when executed by fair-minded, truth-seeking people with strong critical thinking skills and a positive critical thinking mindset, is exhaustively systematic and unwaveringly honest.

When engaging in empirical reasoning, the argument maker ________.

Which of the following primarily depends upon empirical reasoning?

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when critiquing his or her own scientific findings?

When a criminal investigator gathers evidence that demonstrates that the suspect could not have committed the crime, the investigator is engaged in what kind of reasoning?

The peer review process is designed to screen out research that violates ________.

The hypothesis that two phenomena are unrelated except perhaps by random chance is called ________.

What capacity gives scientific (empirical) reasoning an advantage over comparative reasoning and ideological reasoning?

Which mode of reasoning comes into play when seeking to explain and to predict natural phenomena?

Science is complex. Errors can occur. Does this mean that we should not trust published research?

What should happen if the empirical reasoning behind the research plan fails the test of non-circularity?

Which of the following primarily depends upon empirical reasoning?

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when forming a hypothesis that describes what we can expect to happen under certain conditions?

What is another term for empirical reasoning?

After one scientist publishes the findings of an empirical investigation, other investigators may be expected to ________.

Empirical reasoning is fundamentally inductive, _______________, and open to scrutiny and independent verification by the entire scientific community.

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of Logical Strength is partly addressed by the ________.

Characterizing empirical reasoning as inductive means that ________.

The null hypothesis is an empirically testable claim that two phenomena are entirely unrelated except perhaps by __________________.

Replication studies (do overs) are used to verify that the observations and findings reported by the original scientist can be duplicated by other scientists working independently.