Exam 14: Empirical Reasoning

Our capacity to anticipate what comes next and then to devise ways to affect the outcomes of events and processes is absolutely fundamental to our survival as a species and to our current planetary dominance. We look for cause-and-effect relationships to explain, and hence to predict and control.

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of Relevance is partly addressed by the ________.

All things considered, what are the relative strengths and weaknesses of comparative, ideological, and empirical reasoning?

Which of the following statements about empirical reasoning is true?

If the advantage of creating specific conditions in the lab is that potential influences of extraneous factors can be reduced, what is the drawback of doing that?

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when making each factor measurable?

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of the Truthfulness of the Premises is partly ensured by the ________.

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when conducting the appropriate analyses of the data?

Suppose that a scientific research team was able to show empirically that there was less than 1 chance in 10,000 that its findings were mistaken. In such a case we could say that the findings ________.

What is the purpose of running a pilot project when engaging in scientific inquiry?

Empirical reasoning is used when we want to explain, predict, or control what natural phenomena? How does this work?

Empirical reasoning is a process of thinking that ________.

The hypotheses, which we seek to support or to disconfirm by empirical reasoning are intended to __________ and to predict phenomena.

Explain why demonstrating that the null hypothesis is false does not make the opposite true.

Why does empirical inquiry proceed by disconfirmation-looking for what is not the case? Why not focus primarily, if not exclusively, on confirmation?

As Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins said, science is "what separates us from other _________."

Characterizing empirical reasoning as self-corrective means that the conclusions reached using empirical reasoning ________.

The empirical reasoning process of gathering data and applying the appropriate analyses in order to discover whether a hypothesis is false is called ___________________.

Saying that empirical reasoning is open to independent verification means that ________.

Which of the following does not primarily depend upon empirical reasoning?