Exam 8: Valid Inferences

If we can come up with a counterexample, namely a scenario in which all the premises are true but the conclusion is false, then the argument is ___________.

"Copernicus demonstrated that the earth was not the center of the solar system. We now know that our solar system is not the center of our galaxy, and that our galaxy is not the center of the universe. So let me suggest that in all probability none of us should take ourselves so seriously that we think we are the center of everything." The previous passage is best described as __________.

Using "F" and "G" to stand for classes of objects, describe the reasoning pattern of the valid argument template called Applying a Generalization.

What is the condition which brings about the reasoning mistake known as a Fallacy of False Reference?

Using "A" and "B" describe the reasoning pattern of the valid argument template called Affirming the Antecedent.

One important distinguishing feature of valid arguments is that __________.

Using "x," "y," and "z" express the valid inference pattern in the identity relationship?

Using "F" and "G" to stand for classes of objects, describe the reasoning pattern of the valid argument template called Applying an Exception.

Consider this argument: "If the price quote from College Insignias is lower than the price quote from University Logos, then we will get the T-shirts for our ACS Relay for Life team printed at College Insignias. The price quote from College Insignias is lower than the price quote from University Logos. Therefore, we will get the T-shirts for our ACS Relay for Life team printed at College Insignias." That argument is an example of __________.

Using "x" and "y" express the valid inference pattern in the reflexivity relationship.

Using "F" and "G" to stand for classes of objects, describe the reasoning pattern of the valid argument template called Applying a Generalization.

What is meant by the warning, "our power to reason with certainty can have ominous results"?

Which of the following is implied by these premises: "Everyone who has ever had a job in a car wash or restaurant has earned tips. Jason has never had a job where he earned tips."

Consider this argument: "Racists typically like to hang out with racists. Birds of a feather, if you know what I mean. And yesterday I saw John hanging out with those racist White National Pride jerks. So you know what that makes John, don't you. Right. A racist." That argument is an example of __________.

If the assumption that the premises of an argument are all true makes it impossible for the conclusion to be uncorrect , we can call the argument ____________.

What is the best evaluation of this argument? "A university was saved from financial and academic disaster by its provost, who later went on to become a consultant. James Hoopster became a consultant after having served as a provost. So James Hoopster saved his university from financial and academic disaster."

Human beings are capable of inferring with certainty the implications of rules, laws, beliefs, principles, and regulations.

From the premises "X is a member of group F" and "all members of F are members of G," and "if anything is a G, then it is an H," we can draw the valid inference that _________________.

What is the reasoning mistake made known as Fallacy of Division?

If we find an argument such that it is not possible for all of its premises to be true and its conclusion to be false, we call that argument __________.