Question 1

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)  is a temporary storage site for urine 
B)  wall is stretched by 200 to 400 ml of urine, which stimulates stretch receptors that initiate the micturition reflex 
C)  contracts when parasympathetic nerves stimulate it 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  is a temporary storage site for urine 
B)  wall is stretched by 200 to 400 ml of urine, which stimulates stretch receptors that initiate the micturition reflex 
C)  contracts when parasympathetic nerves stimulate it 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these D

Question 2

During the micturition reflex, the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A rise in ECF K+ concentration leads to increased excitability of heart muscle, possibly producing fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

For a substance to be actively reabsorbed, all of the steps of transepithelial transport require energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The glomerular filtrate contains only substances that are not needed by the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The amount of glucose filtered is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Complete each of the following statments.
Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held together by ____________________ cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Each tuft...

Question 9

The greatest percentage of Na+ reabsorption takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  collecting tubule 
E)  renal pelvis 
A)  proximal tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  collecting tubule 
E)  renal pelvis

Question 10

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____, leading to a(n) ____ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____ in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increase; increase; increase 
B)  decreases; decrease; decrease; decrease 
C)  increases; increase; decrease; decrease 
D)  decreases; decrease; increase; increase 
E)  none of these 
A)  increases; increase; increase; increase 
B)  decreases; decrease; decrease; decrease 
C)  increases; increase; decrease; decrease 
D)  decreases; decrease; increase; increase 
E)  none of these

Question 11

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na+, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The three major processes involved in urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Angiotensin I

Accepted Answer

A)  is formed as a result of activation of angiotensinogen by renin 
B)  is transformed into angiotensin II as a result of converting enzyme action in the lungs 
C)  acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate aldosterone secretion 
D)  is formed as a result of activation of angiotensinogen by renin, and is transformed into angiotensin II as a result of converting enzyme action in the lungs 
E)  all of these 
A)  is formed as a result of activation of angiotensinogen by renin 
B)  is transformed into angiotensin II as a result of converting enzyme action in the lungs 
C)  acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate aldosterone secretion 
D)  is formed as a result of activation of angiotensinogen by renin, and is transformed into angiotensin II as a result of converting enzyme action in the lungs 
E)  all of these

Question 15

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Complete each of the following statments.
The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

Accepted Answer

para-amino

Question 17

The renal threshold is the

Accepted Answer

A)  maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time 
B)  maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time 
C)  plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine 
D)  maximum amount of waste products that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time 
E)  maximum amount of water that can be osmotically absorbed across the tubules per unit of time 
A)  maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time 
B)  maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time 
C)  plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine 
D)  maximum amount of waste products that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time 
E)  maximum amount of water that can be osmotically absorbed across the tubules per unit of time

Question 18

The maximum normal glucose concentration in the plasma is about ____ mg per 100 ml.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  180 
E)  250 
A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  180 
E)  250

Question 19

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters

Accepted Answer

A)  by active transport 
B)  passively by the force of gravity 
C)  by peristaltic contraction of the smooth muscle of the ureters 
D)  when the bladder empties and creates a negative pressure that pulls the urine to the bladder 
E)  none of these 
A)  by active transport 
B)  passively by the force of gravity 
C)  by peristaltic contraction of the smooth muscle of the ureters 
D)  when the bladder empties and creates a negative pressure that pulls the urine to the bladder 
E)  none of these

Question 20

Complete each of the following statments.
Urine is eliminated from the bladder through the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Urine is...

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

The urinary bladder

During the micturition reflex, the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated.

A rise in ECF K+ concentration leads to increased excitability of heart muscle, possibly producing fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

For a substance to be actively reabsorbed, all of the steps of transepithelial transport require energy expenditure.

The glomerular filtrate contains only substances that are not needed by the body.

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

The amount of glucose filtered is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Complete each of the following statments. Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held together by ____________________ cells.

The greatest percentage of Na+ reabsorption takes place in the

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____, leading to a(n) ____ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____ in the GFR.

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na+, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

The three major processes involved in urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.

Angiotensin I

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Complete each of the following statments. The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

The renal threshold is the

The maximum normal glucose concentration in the plasma is about ____ mg per 100 ml.

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters

Complete each of the following statments. Urine is eliminated from the bladder through the ____________________.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

A rise in ECF K⁺ concentration leads to increased excitability of heart muscle, possibly producing fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

The greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption takes place in the

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to , leading to a(n) in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in the GFR.

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.