Question 1

Which receptors relax bronchial smooth muscles,causing the bronchi of the lungs to dilate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha receptors 
B)  Beta receptors 
C)  Alpha and beta receptors are equal 
D)  Adrenergic receptors 
A)  Alpha receptors 
B)  Beta receptors 
C)  Alpha and beta receptors are equal 
D)  Adrenergic receptors B

Question 2

The heart rate is increased when the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors are affected by the systemic effects of adrenergic amines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

How long do adverse effects of vasoconstrictors last in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 3 minutes 
B)  5 to 10 minutes 
C)  5 to 10 hours 
D)  Up to 48 hours 
A)  1 to 3 minutes 
B)  5 to 10 minutes 
C)  5 to 10 hours 
D)  Up to 48 hours B

Question 4

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenergic nerves 
B)  Liver enzymes 
C)  Its excretion into the urine 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Adrenergic nerves 
B)  Liver enzymes 
C)  Its excretion into the urine 
D)  All options listed

Question 5

Undesirable side effects of incorporating sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine into local anesthetic solutions include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased force of air exchange 
B)  Increased bronchi dilation 
C)  Increased rate and force of heart contractions 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Increased force of air exchange 
B)  Increased bronchi dilation 
C)  Increased rate and force of heart contractions 
D)  All options listed

Question 6

You have administered 2% lidocaine,1:50,000 mg/mL epinephrine to a healthy patient.The patient experiences restlessness,nausea,and begins to hyperventilate.What should you suspect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central nervous system stimulation 
B)  Overdose of epinephrine 
C)  Metabolic rise in blood sugar 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Central nervous system stimulation 
B)  Overdose of epinephrine 
C)  Metabolic rise in blood sugar 
D)  All options listed

Question 7

The undesirable effects of epinephrine are short lived because of the rapid inactivation of epinephrine by the reuptake of adrenergic nerves.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 8

Which vasoconstrictor is the most widely used in dentistry and the most potent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Levonordefrin 
C)  Felypressin 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Levonordefrin 
C)  Felypressin 
D)  All options listed

Question 9

Which of the following statement(s)is/are true regarding the vasculature effects of epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effects of epinephrine on the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles are dose dependent due to the predominance of beta 2 receptors. 
B)  Smaller doses of epinephrine affect the beta 2 receptors of the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles and produce vasodilation. 
C)  Larger doses of epinephrine affect the alpha receptors of the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles and produce vasoconstriction. 
D)  All options listed 
A)  The effects of epinephrine on the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles are dose dependent due to the predominance of beta 2 receptors. 
B)  Smaller doses of epinephrine affect the beta 2 receptors of the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles and produce vasodilation. 
C)  Larger doses of epinephrine affect the alpha receptors of the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles and produce vasoconstriction. 
D)  All options listed

Question 10

Which of the following may cause an endogenous release of epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  An injection of epinephrine 
B)  Anxiety related to a divorce 
C)  Apprehension about a dental appointment 
D)  All options listed 
A)  An injection of epinephrine 
B)  Anxiety related to a divorce 
C)  Apprehension about a dental appointment 
D)  All options listed

Question 11

Which of the following anesthetics are combined with levonordefrin?

Accepted Answer

A)  2% lidocaine 
B)  2% mepivacaine 
C)  3% mepivacaine 
D)  4% prilocaine 
A)  2% lidocaine 
B)  2% mepivacaine 
C)  3% mepivacaine 
D)  4% prilocaine

Question 12

Which local anesthetic would be appropriate for a patient with a history of true bisulfite allergy?

Accepted Answer

A)  2% mepivacaine,1:20,000 levonordefrin 
B)  4% prilocaine 
C)  4% articaine,1:200,000 epinephrine 
D)  All options listed 
A)  2% mepivacaine,1:20,000 levonordefrin 
B)  4% prilocaine 
C)  4% articaine,1:200,000 epinephrine 
D)  All options listed

Question 13

A comparison of levonordefrin and epinephrine reveals that hemostasis is less effective with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A comparison of levonordefrin and epinephrine reveals that levonordefrin offers better pain control than epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which receptors are the most sensitive to epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha receptors 
B)  Beta receptors 
C)  Alpha and beta receptors are equal 
D)  Adrenergic receptors 
A)  Alpha receptors 
B)  Beta receptors 
C)  Alpha and beta receptors are equal 
D)  Adrenergic receptors

Question 16

A 1:100,000 dilution of epinephrine for obtaining pulpal anesthesia may be used in combination with a relatively small infiltrated dose of 1:50,000 to decrease bleeding.This is a particularly important strategy for dental hygienists to use during provision of nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 17

The number of 1:50,000 epinephrine-anesthesia cartridges that a healthy patient may have per dental appointment is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of 1:50,000 epinephrine-anesthesia cartridges that...

Question 18

The addition of sodium bisulfite preservative can reduce the efficiency of the quaternary amine to dissociate into the uncharged tertiary amine base necessary to penetrate the lipid rich membrane of nerve because the preservative can increase the pH of the anesthetic solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 19

Patients with a relative contraindication for vasoconstrictors can receive epinephrine containing local anesthetic agents in the lowest possible dose,not to exceed the MRD of 0.04 mg per appointment,using the best technique.In general,there are only a few absolute contraindications to the use of vasoconstrictor,and in most situations limiting the amount of vasoconstrictor a patient can receive produces the benefits of vasoconstrictor use in local anesthesia without compromising the patient.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its use in dentistry is not recommended 
B)  Has the same action as levonordefrin on alpha receptors 
C)  Exhibits intense vasoconstriction 
D)  All options listed 
E)  None of the options listed 
A)  Its use in dentistry is not recommended 
B)  Has the same action as levonordefrin on alpha receptors 
C)  Exhibits intense vasoconstriction 
D)  All options listed 
E)  None of the options listed

Which receptors relax bronchial smooth muscles,causing the bronchi of the lungs to dilate?

The heart rate is increased when the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors are affected by the systemic effects of adrenergic amines.

How long do adverse effects of vasoconstrictors last in the body?

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the bloodstream?

Undesirable side effects of incorporating sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine into local anesthetic solutions include:

You have administered 2% lidocaine,1:50,000 mg/mL epinephrine to a healthy patient.The patient experiences restlessness,nausea,and begins to hyperventilate.What should you suspect?

The undesirable effects of epinephrine are short lived because of the rapid inactivation of epinephrine by the reuptake of adrenergic nerves.

Which vasoconstrictor is the most widely used in dentistry and the most potent?

Which of the following statement(s)is/are true regarding the vasculature effects of epinephrine?

Which of the following may cause an endogenous release of epinephrine?

Which of the following anesthetics are combined with levonordefrin?

Which local anesthetic would be appropriate for a patient with a history of true bisulfite allergy?

A comparison of levonordefrin and epinephrine reveals that hemostasis is less effective with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine.

A comparison of levonordefrin and epinephrine reveals that levonordefrin offers better pain control than epinephrine.

Which receptors are the most sensitive to epinephrine?

A 1:100,000 dilution of epinephrine for obtaining pulpal anesthesia may be used in combination with a relatively small infiltrated dose of 1:50,000 to decrease bleeding.This is a particularly important strategy for dental hygienists to use during provision of nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

The number of 1:50,000 epinephrine-anesthesia cartridges that a healthy patient may have per dental appointment is ______.

The addition of sodium bisulfite preservative can reduce the efficiency of the quaternary amine to dissociate into the uncharged tertiary amine base necessary to penetrate the lipid rich membrane of nerve because the preservative can increase the pH of the anesthetic solution.

Which of the following is true regarding norepinephrine?

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Anesthesia

Mandibular Anesthesia

Local Anesthesia for the Child and Adolescent

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

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Exam 4: Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors

Which receptors relax bronchial smooth muscles,causing the bronchi of the lungs to dilate?

The heart rate is increased when the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors are affected by the systemic effects of adrenergic amines.

How long do adverse effects of vasoconstrictors last in the body?

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the bloodstream?

Undesirable side effects of incorporating sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine into local anesthetic solutions include:

You have administered 2% lidocaine,1:50,000 mg/mL epinephrine to a healthy patient.The patient experiences restlessness,nausea,and begins to hyperventilate.What should you suspect?

The undesirable effects of epinephrine are short lived because of the rapid inactivation of epinephrine by the reuptake of adrenergic nerves.

Which vasoconstrictor is the most widely used in dentistry and the most potent?

Which of the following statement(s)is/are true regarding the vasculature effects of epinephrine?

Which of the following may cause an endogenous release of epinephrine?

Which of the following anesthetics are combined with levonordefrin?

Which local anesthetic would be appropriate for a patient with a history of true bisulfite allergy?

A comparison of levonordefrin and epinephrine reveals that hemostasis is less effective with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine.

A comparison of levonordefrin and epinephrine reveals that levonordefrin offers better pain control than epinephrine.

Which receptors are the most sensitive to epinephrine?

A 1:100,000 dilution of epinephrine for obtaining pulpal anesthesia may be used in combination with a relatively small infiltrated dose of 1:50,000 to decrease bleeding.This is a particularly important strategy for dental hygienists to use during provision of nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

The number of 1:50,000 epinephrine-anesthesia cartridges that a healthy patient may have per dental appointment is ______.

The addition of sodium bisulfite preservative can reduce the efficiency of the quaternary amine to dissociate into the uncharged tertiary amine base necessary to penetrate the lipid rich membrane of nerve because the preservative can increase the pH of the anesthetic solution.

Which of the following is true regarding norepinephrine?

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Anesthesia

Mandibular Anesthesia

Local Anesthesia for the Child and Adolescent

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

Filters