Question 1

Intravascular injections significantly increase the possibility of an overdose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which component of the local anesthetic molecule renders the molecule water soluble?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrophilic amino group 
B)  Intermediate hydrocarbon ester or amide chain 
C)  Lipophilic aromatic ring 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Hydrophilic amino group 
B)  Intermediate hydrocarbon ester or amide chain 
C)  Lipophilic aromatic ring 
D)  All options listed A

Question 3

The higher the pKa of an anesthetic,the faster the onset of action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Reflecting on your experience with Sam,what other factors may contribute to an incident similar to Sam's?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of topical anesthetics plus intravascular injections 
B)  An injection that is administered too rapidly 
C)  The perio infection and inflammation 
D)  All options listed 
A)  The use of topical anesthetics plus intravascular injections 
B)  An injection that is administered too rapidly 
C)  The perio infection and inflammation 
D)  All options listed

Question 5

What does the membrane expansion theory of the action of local anesthetics suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anesthetics that are highly hydrophilic cause the matrix of the nerve membrane to expand,narrowing the sodium channels,thus preventing depolarization. 
B)  Anesthetics that are highly lipid soluble cause the lipoprotein matrix of the nerve membrane to expand,narrowing the sodium channels,thus preventing depolarization. 
C)  Anesthetics cause the sodium channels to expand,thus allowing the increase in protein binding within the channels. 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Anesthetics that are highly hydrophilic cause the matrix of the nerve membrane to expand,narrowing the sodium channels,thus preventing depolarization. 
B)  Anesthetics that are highly lipid soluble cause the lipoprotein matrix of the nerve membrane to expand,narrowing the sodium channels,thus preventing depolarization. 
C)  Anesthetics cause the sodium channels to expand,thus allowing the increase in protein binding within the channels. 
D)  All options listed

Question 6

Which component of the local anesthetic molecule improves the lipid solubility,facilitating the penetration of the anesthetic through the lipid-rich membrane where the receptor sites are located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrophilic amino group 
B)  Intermediate hydrocarbon ester or amide chain 
C)  Lipophilic aromatic ring 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Hydrophilic amino group 
B)  Intermediate hydrocarbon ester or amide chain 
C)  Lipophilic aromatic ring 
D)  All options listed

Question 7

Which is the primary factor that determines the onset of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH of the tissues 
B)  pKa of the anesthetic agent 
C)  Administrative site 
D)  Anesthetic agent 
E)  None of the above 
A)  pH of the tissues 
B)  pKa of the anesthetic agent 
C)  Administrative site 
D)  Anesthetic agent 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

If more anesthetic is needed for a procedure,it is important to reinject the anesthetic after the mantel fibers have fully recovered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What factor/factors influence(s)the duration of the effects of local anesthetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degree of protein binding 
B)  Vascularity of injection site 
C)  Addition or absence of a vasoconstrictor 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Degree of protein binding 
B)  Vascularity of injection site 
C)  Addition or absence of a vasoconstrictor 
D)  All options listed

Question 10

Local anesthetics are vasoconstrictors and decrease the absorption of the drug by the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The speed of recovery from local anesthetic is determined by the degree of binding to the receptor site of each anesthetic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Local anesthetics easily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which part of the chemical structure of a local anesthetic determines the pattern of biotransformation of the anesthetic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipophilic part 
B)  Hydrophilic part 
C)  Intermediate chain 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Lipophilic part 
B)  Hydrophilic part 
C)  Intermediate chain 
D)  All options listed

Question 14

Which of the following is a major route of delivery of local anesthetic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Topical 
B)  Intravenous 
C)  Inhalation 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Topical 
B)  Intravenous 
C)  Inhalation 
D)  All options listed

Question 15

Why is lipid solubility an important characteristic of local anesthetic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  A greater lipid solubility enhances the diffusion of the anesthetic drug through the nerve. 
B)  A greater lipid solubility indicates a higher potency of the anesthetic drug. 
C)  A greater lipid solubility allows for a lower effective dose of the local anesthetic drug. 
D)  All options listed. 
A)  A greater lipid solubility enhances the diffusion of the anesthetic drug through the nerve. 
B)  A greater lipid solubility indicates a higher potency of the anesthetic drug. 
C)  A greater lipid solubility allows for a lower effective dose of the local anesthetic drug. 
D)  All options listed.

Question 16

Why is protein binding an important characteristic of local anesthetic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased protein binding allows more cations (RNH+)to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
B)  Increased protein binding allows more RN molecules to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
C)  Decreased protein binding allows more cations (RNH+)to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
D)  Decreased protein binding allows more RN molecules to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
A)  Increased protein binding allows more cations (RNH+)to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
B)  Increased protein binding allows more RN molecules to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
C)  Decreased protein binding allows more cations (RNH+)to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action. 
D)  Decreased protein binding allows more RN molecules to bind to the receptor sites within the sodium channels,prolonging the presence of anesthetic at the site of action.

Question 17

After absorption of the local anesthetics into the bloodstream,they are distributed throughout the body to all tissues.Highly vascular organs such as the brain,heart,liver,kidneys,and lungs have higher concentrations of anesthetics

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 18

Anesthetic recovery is a slower process than induction because the anesthetic binds to the receptor site in the sodium channel,releasing the anesthetic slowly into the systemic circulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 19

The liver is the organ responsible for the entire metabolic process of most amides.The rate of biotransformation is faster in patients with significant liver dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 20

Esters,benzocaine,tetracaine,and procaine are hydrolyzed in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase and by liver esterases.Procaine is metabolized to PABA and is the major metabolic by-product responsible for allergic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Intravascular injections significantly increase the possibility of an overdose.

Which component of the local anesthetic molecule renders the molecule water soluble?

The higher the pK_a of an anesthetic,the faster the onset of action.

Reflecting on your experience with Sam,what other factors may contribute to an incident similar to Sam's?

What does the membrane expansion theory of the action of local anesthetics suggest?

Which component of the local anesthetic molecule improves the lipid solubility,facilitating the penetration of the anesthetic through the lipid-rich membrane where the receptor sites are located?

Which is the primary factor that determines the onset of action?

If more anesthetic is needed for a procedure,it is important to reinject the anesthetic after the mantel fibers have fully recovered.

What factor/factors influence(s)the duration of the effects of local anesthetics?

Local anesthetics are vasoconstrictors and decrease the absorption of the drug by the blood.

The speed of recovery from local anesthetic is determined by the degree of binding to the receptor site of each anesthetic.

Local anesthetics easily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Which part of the chemical structure of a local anesthetic determines the pattern of biotransformation of the anesthetic?

Which of the following is a major route of delivery of local anesthetic drugs?

Why is lipid solubility an important characteristic of local anesthetic drugs?

Why is protein binding an important characteristic of local anesthetic drugs?

After absorption of the local anesthetics into the bloodstream,they are distributed throughout the body to all tissues.Highly vascular organs such as the brain,heart,liver,kidneys,and lungs have higher concentrations of anesthetics

Anesthetic recovery is a slower process than induction because the anesthetic binds to the receptor site in the sodium channel,releasing the anesthetic slowly into the systemic circulation.

The liver is the organ responsible for the entire metabolic process of most amides.The rate of biotransformation is faster in patients with significant liver dysfunction.

Esters,benzocaine,tetracaine,and procaine are hydrolyzed in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase and by liver esterases.Procaine is metabolized to PABA and is the major metabolic by-product responsible for allergic reactions.

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Anesthesia

Mandibular Anesthesia

Local Anesthesia for the Child and Adolescent

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

Filters

Exam 3: Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents

Intravascular injections significantly increase the possibility of an overdose.

Which component of the local anesthetic molecule renders the molecule water soluble?

The higher the pKa of an anesthetic,the faster the onset of action.

Reflecting on your experience with Sam,what other factors may contribute to an incident similar to Sam's?

What does the membrane expansion theory of the action of local anesthetics suggest?

Which component of the local anesthetic molecule improves the lipid solubility,facilitating the penetration of the anesthetic through the lipid-rich membrane where the receptor sites are located?

Which is the primary factor that determines the onset of action?

If more anesthetic is needed for a procedure,it is important to reinject the anesthetic after the mantel fibers have fully recovered.

What factor/factors influence(s)the duration of the effects of local anesthetics?

Local anesthetics are vasoconstrictors and decrease the absorption of the drug by the blood.

The speed of recovery from local anesthetic is determined by the degree of binding to the receptor site of each anesthetic.

Local anesthetics easily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Which part of the chemical structure of a local anesthetic determines the pattern of biotransformation of the anesthetic?

Which of the following is a major route of delivery of local anesthetic drugs?

Why is lipid solubility an important characteristic of local anesthetic drugs?

Why is protein binding an important characteristic of local anesthetic drugs?

After absorption of the local anesthetics into the bloodstream,they are distributed throughout the body to all tissues.Highly vascular organs such as the brain,heart,liver,kidneys,and lungs have higher concentrations of anesthetics

Anesthetic recovery is a slower process than induction because the anesthetic binds to the receptor site in the sodium channel,releasing the anesthetic slowly into the systemic circulation.

The liver is the organ responsible for the entire metabolic process of most amides.The rate of biotransformation is faster in patients with significant liver dysfunction.

Esters,benzocaine,tetracaine,and procaine are hydrolyzed in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase and by liver esterases.Procaine is metabolized to PABA and is the major metabolic by-product responsible for allergic reactions.

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Anesthesia

Mandibular Anesthesia

Local Anesthesia for the Child and Adolescent

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

Filters

The higher the pK_a of an anesthetic,the faster the onset of action.