Question 1

A piece of DNA that contains sequences from two or more different organisms is called

Accepted Answer

A)  species-specific DNA. 
B)  recombinant DNA. 
C)  transgenic DNA. 
D)  semiconservative DNA. 
E)  inverse DNA. 
A)  species-specific DNA. 
B)  recombinant DNA. 
C)  transgenic DNA. 
D)  semiconservative DNA. 
E)  inverse DNA. B

Question 2

List two sites of ex vivo gene therapy and indicate the type of therapy being conducted.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include:
1. Skin: gene transfer by modifying blood cells (skin cancer)
2. Liver: gene transfer by modified implants (familial hypercholesterolemia)
3. Endothelium, blood vessel lining: gene transfer by implantation of modified implants (hemophilia and diabetes mellitus)
4. Bone marrow: gene transfer by implantation of modified stem cells (SCID and sickle-cell disease)

Question 3

The application of computer technologies to the study of the genome is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  proteomics. 
B)  genomics. 
C)  bioinformatics. 
D)  DNA fingerprinting. 
E)  genetic profiling. 
A)  proteomics. 
B)  genomics. 
C)  bioinformatics. 
D)  DNA fingerprinting. 
E)  genetic profiling. C

Question 4

The human genome project led to the discovery that much of the genome consists of repeated sequences of nucleotides. These are thought to

Accepted Answer

A)  have no function. 
B)  function as protection on the ends of chromosomes and as an attachment site on the centromere. 
C)  function in DNA replication. 
D)  produce rRNA. 
E)  function as a protection against cancer. 
A)  have no function. 
B)  function as protection on the ends of chromosomes and as an attachment site on the centromere. 
C)  function in DNA replication. 
D)  produce rRNA. 
E)  function as a protection against cancer.

Question 5

Bacteria, plants, and animals have all been used to create transgenic forms that are useful in

Accepted Answer

A)  producing high-yield tomato plants. 
B)  creating pest-resistant versions of corn. 
C)  cleaning up oil spills. 
D)  generating pharmaceuticals. 
E)  producing new types of high-yield beef. 
A)  producing high-yield tomato plants. 
B)  creating pest-resistant versions of corn. 
C)  cleaning up oil spills. 
D)  generating pharmaceuticals. 
E)  producing new types of high-yield beef.

Question 6

Which technique is preferred when investigators are trying to DNA fingerprint an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  short tandem repeat (STR) 
B)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C)  recombinant DNA (rDN
A)  
D)  gene cloning 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct. 
A)  short tandem repeat (STR) 
B)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C)  recombinant DNA (rDN
A)  
D)  gene cloning 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 7

When creating transgenic organisms, one major difference between plants and animals is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only embryos can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants. 
B)  only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while embryos can be used for transgenic plants. 
C)  only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants. 
D)  only embryos can be used to create transgenic animals, while eggs must be used to create transgenic plants. 
E)  any cell may be used to create transgenic animals, while embryos can be used for transgenic plants. 
A)  only embryos can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants. 
B)  only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while embryos can be used for transgenic plants. 
C)  only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants. 
D)  only embryos can be used to create transgenic animals, while eggs must be used to create transgenic plants. 
E)  any cell may be used to create transgenic animals, while embryos can be used for transgenic plants.

Question 8

Gene therapy is increasingly relied upon as a part of cancer treatment because

Accepted Answer

A)  it helps the patient's immune system recognize mutations and destroy them. 
B)  it produces radioactive isotopes that can be used to trace the locations of cancer in the body which makes treatment easier. 
C)  it make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy, while making tumor cells more sensitive. 
D)  it helps cells to produce their own anticancer drugs. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  it helps the patient's immune system recognize mutations and destroy them. 
B)  it produces radioactive isotopes that can be used to trace the locations of cancer in the body which makes treatment easier. 
C)  it make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy, while making tumor cells more sensitive. 
D)  it helps cells to produce their own anticancer drugs. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 9

Which species has an estimated 6,300 genes in its genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  yeast 
B)  roundworms 
C)  human beings 
D)  fruit flies 
E)  mice 
A)  yeast 
B)  roundworms 
C)  human beings 
D)  fruit flies 
E)  mice

Question 10

Which of the following uses an electrical field to separate DNA fragments based on their length?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA cloning 
B)  polymerase chain reaction 
C)  transgenics 
D)  gel electrophoresis 
E)  DNA digestion 
A)  DNA cloning 
B)  polymerase chain reaction 
C)  transgenics 
D)  gel electrophoresis 
E)  DNA digestion

Question 11

Which of the following procedures would most likely be used to identify a specific individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA cloning 
B)  transgenic DNA 
C)  polymerase chain reaction 
D)  DNA fingerprinting 
E)  genetic engineering 
A)  DNA cloning 
B)  transgenic DNA 
C)  polymerase chain reaction 
D)  DNA fingerprinting 
E)  genetic engineering

Question 12

PCR is often used in forensic analysis since

Accepted Answer

A)  it requires no specialized equipment. 
B)  untrained personnel can carry out the procedure. 
C)  very small samples are frequently all that are available. 
D)  juries always trust the method. 
E)  it makes it easy to identify the criminal. 
A)  it requires no specialized equipment. 
B)  untrained personnel can carry out the procedure. 
C)  very small samples are frequently all that are available. 
D)  juries always trust the method. 
E)  it makes it easy to identify the criminal.

Question 13

Which of the following statements was discovered by information gained from the human genome project?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large sections of the human genome do not code for a polypeptide. 
B)  Nucleotides are composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. 
C)  DNA carries the information to make a polypeptide. 
D)  Regulation of gene expression determines the specialization of cells in humans. 
E)  DNA carries the information to make mRNA. 
A)  Large sections of the human genome do not code for a polypeptide. 
B)  Nucleotides are composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. 
C)  DNA carries the information to make a polypeptide. 
D)  Regulation of gene expression determines the specialization of cells in humans. 
E)  DNA carries the information to make mRNA.

Question 14

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has led to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that the genomes of all vertebrates are similar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios is the most likely mechanism by which RNAi silences the expression of genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNAi binds to a mRNA strand before it reaches the ribosome, thereby preventing translation. 
B)  RNAi binds to mRNA strand after it leaves the ribosome which prevents translation. 
C)  RNAi binds to DNA which prevents transcription. 
D)  RNAi binds to RNA primase which prevents the transcription of the gene. 
E)  RNAi binds to helicase which prevents DNA replication and thereby the expression of the gene. 
A)  RNAi binds to a mRNA strand before it reaches the ribosome, thereby preventing translation. 
B)  RNAi binds to mRNA strand after it leaves the ribosome which prevents translation. 
C)  RNAi binds to DNA which prevents transcription. 
D)  RNAi binds to RNA primase which prevents the transcription of the gene. 
E)  RNAi binds to helicase which prevents DNA replication and thereby the expression of the gene.

Question 16

How can comparative genomics assist in the treatment of HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genome of HIV can now be compared to the human genome to find similarities between the two. 
B)  Knowing the genome of HIV allows for the manufacture of designer drugs to treat specific strains. 
C)  Understanding the genetic code of HIV allows scientists to replicate it in the laboratory. 
D)  Understanding the evolution of HIV in an individual will help scientists understand how the virus responds to different drug regimes and will lead to better treatments. 
E)  Knowing the proteins produced by HIV will allow the development of drugs to mimic those proteins. 
A)  The genome of HIV can now be compared to the human genome to find similarities between the two. 
B)  Knowing the genome of HIV allows for the manufacture of designer drugs to treat specific strains. 
C)  Understanding the genetic code of HIV allows scientists to replicate it in the laboratory. 
D)  Understanding the evolution of HIV in an individual will help scientists understand how the virus responds to different drug regimes and will lead to better treatments. 
E)  Knowing the proteins produced by HIV will allow the development of drugs to mimic those proteins.

Question 17

Why is the study of proteomics is more complex than the study of genomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins are more complex than DNA. 
B)  Proteins are harder to sequence than DNA. 
C)  There are 20 amino acids that comprise proteins and only 4 nucleotides that compose DNA. 
D)  Scientists understand less about amino acids than they do about nucleotides. 
E)  Each cell in an organism has exactly the same DNA but different cell types produce different types of proteins. 
A)  Proteins are more complex than DNA. 
B)  Proteins are harder to sequence than DNA. 
C)  There are 20 amino acids that comprise proteins and only 4 nucleotides that compose DNA. 
D)  Scientists understand less about amino acids than they do about nucleotides. 
E)  Each cell in an organism has exactly the same DNA but different cell types produce different types of proteins.

Question 18

Transposons are transposable elements in the DNA because

Accepted Answer

A)  they transport genetic information. 
B)  they transfer organelles inside a cell. 
C)  they transmit signals in the cell indicating the genes to be copied. 
D)  they move from one location to another in the DNA. 
E)  they cause the DNA to take on a specific shape or pose. 
A)  they transport genetic information. 
B)  they transfer organelles inside a cell. 
C)  they transmit signals in the cell indicating the genes to be copied. 
D)  they move from one location to another in the DNA. 
E)  they cause the DNA to take on a specific shape or pose.

Question 19

PCR requires the use of which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  helicase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  RNA primase 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  helicase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  RNA primase

Question 20

RNAi sequences are designed to be complementary to the DNA of the gene of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 26: Biotechnology and Genomics

A piece of DNA that contains sequences from two or more different organisms is called

List two sites of ex vivo gene therapy and indicate the type of therapy being conducted.

The application of computer technologies to the study of the genome is known as

The human genome project led to the discovery that much of the genome consists of repeated sequences of nucleotides. These are thought to

Bacteria, plants, and animals have all been used to create transgenic forms that are useful in

Which technique is preferred when investigators are trying to DNA fingerprint an individual?

When creating transgenic organisms, one major difference between plants and animals is that

Gene therapy is increasingly relied upon as a part of cancer treatment because

Which species has an estimated 6,300 genes in its genome?

Which of the following uses an electrical field to separate DNA fragments based on their length?

Which of the following procedures would most likely be used to identify a specific individual?

PCR is often used in forensic analysis since

Which of the following statements was discovered by information gained from the human genome project?

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has led to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that the genomes of all vertebrates are similar.

Which of the following scenarios is the most likely mechanism by which RNAi silences the expression of genes?

How can comparative genomics assist in the treatment of HIV?

Why is the study of proteomics is more complex than the study of genomics?

Transposons are transposable elements in the DNA because

PCR requires the use of which enzyme?

RNAi sequences are designed to be complementary to the DNA of the gene of interest.

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