Question 1

Which of these is the correct sequence of blood vessels associated with the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery → peritubular capillary network → afferent arteriole → efferent arteriole → renal vein 
B)  efferent arteriole → glomerulus → venule → afferent arteriole → collecting duct 
C)  afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillary network → venule → renal vein 
D)  afferent arteriole → glomerulus → peritubular capillary network → efferent arteriole → venule → renal vein 
E)  renal vein → venule → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillary network → glomerulus → afferent arteriole 
A)  renal artery → peritubular capillary network → afferent arteriole → efferent arteriole → renal vein 
B)  efferent arteriole → glomerulus → venule → afferent arteriole → collecting duct 
C)  afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillary network → venule → renal vein 
D)  afferent arteriole → glomerulus → peritubular capillary network → efferent arteriole → venule → renal vein 
E)  renal vein → venule → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillary network → glomerulus → afferent arteriole C

Question 2

Although it sounds like science fiction, human bladders can be grown in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which substance is removed from the body via a system other than the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid 
B)  salt 
C)  feces 
D)  bicarbonate 
E)  urea 
A)  uric acid 
B)  salt 
C)  feces 
D)  bicarbonate 
E)  urea C

Question 4

Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called

Accepted Answer

A)  urethritis. 
B)  kidneyitis. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  nephritis. 
E)  prostatitis. 
A)  urethritis. 
B)  kidneyitis. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  nephritis. 
E)  prostatitis.

Question 5

The release of which of the following substances leads to the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  urea 
C)  creatinine 
D)  fiber 
E)  renin 
A)  CO2 
B)  urea 
C)  creatinine 
D)  fiber 
E)  renin

Question 6

Which mechanism used to form urine requires a high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration 
B)  tubular reabsorption 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  phagocytosis 
E)  countercurrent mechanism 
A)  glomerular filtration 
B)  tubular reabsorption 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  phagocytosis 
E)  countercurrent mechanism

Question 7

One morning when Jon is urinating, he experiences an incredible stabbing pain in his groin. What is most likely causing this pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bladder infection 
B)  kidney failure 
C)  inflammation of the urethra 
D)  bladder cancer 
E)  a kidney stone, perhaps stuck in the urethra 
A)  a bladder infection 
B)  kidney failure 
C)  inflammation of the urethra 
D)  bladder cancer 
E)  a kidney stone, perhaps stuck in the urethra

Question 8

Which of the following, if found in the glomerular filtrate, could indicate kidney damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  nitrogenous wastes 
D)  glucose and other nutrients 
E)  salts (ions) 
A)  water 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  nitrogenous wastes 
D)  glucose and other nutrients 
E)  salts (ions)

Question 9

List, in order, the structures of the nephron that will be involved in the formation of urine.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capsule (Bowman's c

Question 10

What is the main reason for hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  the bacteria Escherichia coli 
B)  increased animal protein in the diet 
C)  accumulation of granules within the renal pelvis 
D)  increased usage of diuretics 
E)  All of the answer choices are reasons for hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
A)  the bacteria Escherichia coli 
B)  increased animal protein in the diet 
C)  accumulation of granules within the renal pelvis 
D)  increased usage of diuretics 
E)  All of the answer choices are reasons for hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Question 11

The structure which monitors blood pressure in the kidney is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
B)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
C)  juxtanephritic apparatus. 
D)  ascending tubule. 
E)  renal pelvis. 
A)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
B)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
C)  juxtanephritic apparatus. 
D)  ascending tubule. 
E)  renal pelvis.

Question 12

The liquid that collects in the cavity of the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is

Accepted Answer

A)  concentrated urine. 
B)  blood plasma minus blood proteins. 
C)  old bile ready for excretion. 
D)  glycogen and water. 
E)  albumin. 
A)  concentrated urine. 
B)  blood plasma minus blood proteins. 
C)  old bile ready for excretion. 
D)  glycogen and water. 
E)  albumin.

Question 13

Which structure releases aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule cells 
C)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) 
D)  collecting tubule 
E)  adrenal cortex 
A)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule cells 
C)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) 
D)  collecting tubule 
E)  adrenal cortex

Question 14

Kidney infections are usually curable with antibiotics if diagnosed in time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following structures transports blood rather than urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery 
B)  kidney 
C)  ureter 
D)  urethra 
E)  bladder 
A)  renal artery 
B)  kidney 
C)  ureter 
D)  urethra 
E)  bladder

Question 16

Urine and feces are both considered excretions or wastes. How do they biologically compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Undigested food passes through as feces; urine is just unused or surplus water. 
B)  Although they are processed by separate systems, feces and urine are bacteria-laden and unsanitary. 
C)  Feces is undigested food plus bacteria that was never inside the body tissues; urine carries metabolic wastes from cell metabolism but should be bacteria-free. 
D)  Both feces and urine were molecules that were, for a short time, part of cell metabolism. 
E)  Both are ways of excreting excess water from the body. 
A)  Undigested food passes through as feces; urine is just unused or surplus water. 
B)  Although they are processed by separate systems, feces and urine are bacteria-laden and unsanitary. 
C)  Feces is undigested food plus bacteria that was never inside the body tissues; urine carries metabolic wastes from cell metabolism but should be bacteria-free. 
D)  Both feces and urine were molecules that were, for a short time, part of cell metabolism. 
E)  Both are ways of excreting excess water from the body.

Question 17

Urinary tract infections confined to the urethra are called

Accepted Answer

A)  urethritis. 
B)  kidneyitis. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  nephritis. 
E)  prostatitis. 
A)  urethritis. 
B)  kidneyitis. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  nephritis. 
E)  prostatitis.

Question 18

Each kidney has about 1,000 structural units called nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Sodium concentration in the urine will be maintained due to the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  an active release of sodium from the descending limb. 
B)  a passive and active release of sodium from the ascending limb. 
C)  a passive release of sodium from the descending limb. 
D)  the release of water from the ascending limb. 
E)  the active transport of water. 
A)  an active release of sodium from the descending limb. 
B)  a passive and active release of sodium from the ascending limb. 
C)  a passive release of sodium from the descending limb. 
D)  the release of water from the ascending limb. 
E)  the active transport of water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a nonfilterable component of the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  glucose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  albumin 
E)  sodium chloride 
A)  urea 
B)  glucose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  albumin 
E)  sodium chloride

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

Which of these is the correct sequence of blood vessels associated with the nephron?

Although it sounds like science fiction, human bladders can be grown in the laboratory.

Which substance is removed from the body via a system other than the urinary system?

Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called

The release of which of the following substances leads to the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

Which mechanism used to form urine requires a high blood pressure?

One morning when Jon is urinating, he experiences an incredible stabbing pain in his groin. What is most likely causing this pain?

Which of the following, if found in the glomerular filtrate, could indicate kidney damage?

List, in order, the structures of the nephron that will be involved in the formation of urine.

What is the main reason for hemolytic uremic syndrome?

The structure which monitors blood pressure in the kidney is called the

The liquid that collects in the cavity of the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is

Which structure releases aldosterone?

Kidney infections are usually curable with antibiotics if diagnosed in time.

Which of the following structures transports blood rather than urine?

Urine and feces are both considered excretions or wastes. How do they biologically compare?

Urinary tract infections confined to the urethra are called

Each kidney has about 1,000 structural units called nephrons.

Sodium concentration in the urine will be maintained due to the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) exhibiting

Which of the following is a nonfilterable component of the blood?

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