Question 1

In a reflex arc, nerve impulses are carried to the effector by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  interneuron. 
B)  sensory neuron. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  motor neuron. 
E)  either the sensory neuron or the interneuron. 
A)  interneuron. 
B)  sensory neuron. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  motor neuron. 
E)  either the sensory neuron or the interneuron. E

Question 2

In a medical study involving a physicist suffering from a herpesvirus, it was discovered that which structure was involved in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus 
B)  diencephalon 
C)  amygdala 
D)  brain stem 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  hippocampus 
B)  diencephalon 
C)  amygdala 
D)  brain stem 
E)  cerebellum A

Question 3

In order for transmission across the synapse to occur

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic vesicles fuse with the postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane. 
D)  neurotransmitters are actively transported from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  the postsynaptic membrane must be in the refractory period. 
A)  synaptic vesicles fuse with the postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane. 
D)  neurotransmitters are actively transported from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  the postsynaptic membrane must be in the refractory period. C

Question 4

A reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  is an automatic, involuntary response. 
B)  does not require the central nervous system. 
C)  is normally controlled consciously. 
D)  has no protective value. 
E)  involves only sensory neurons. 
A)  is an automatic, involuntary response. 
B)  does not require the central nervous system. 
C)  is normally controlled consciously. 
D)  has no protective value. 
E)  involves only sensory neurons.

Question 5

Heroin binds to receptors on neurons that travel from the spinal cord to the region of the brain that feels pleasure. These receptors are normally meant for

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  endorphins. 
E)  acetylcholine. 
A)  epinephrine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  endorphins. 
E)  acetylcholine.

Question 6

Generally, nerve impulses do not move "backward" along a series of neurons. What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a short refractory period during which sodium gates cannot open and an action potential cannot move backwards. 
B)  Once the signal has passed, the nerves separate from each other so it cannot go backwards. 
C)  At the synapse, the presynaptic membrane has receptors, ensuring the transmission only goes one way. 
D)  Once the sodium channels open, they cannot be closed. 
E)  The resting potential of the neuron prevents it from conducting an impulse. 
A)  There is a short refractory period during which sodium gates cannot open and an action potential cannot move backwards. 
B)  Once the signal has passed, the nerves separate from each other so it cannot go backwards. 
C)  At the synapse, the presynaptic membrane has receptors, ensuring the transmission only goes one way. 
D)  Once the sodium channels open, they cannot be closed. 
E)  The resting potential of the neuron prevents it from conducting an impulse.

Question 7

Which structures are associated with the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and diencephalon 
B)  cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and spinal cord 
C)  cerebral lobes, peripheral nerves, and diencephalon 
D)  cerebellum, basal nuclei, and diencephalon 
E)  spinal cord, basal nuclei, and diencephalon 
A)  cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and diencephalon 
B)  cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and spinal cord 
C)  cerebral lobes, peripheral nerves, and diencephalon 
D)  cerebellum, basal nuclei, and diencephalon 
E)  spinal cord, basal nuclei, and diencephalon

Question 8

The membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are called

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal membranes. 
B)  meninges. 
C)  ventricles. 
D)  epithelium. 
E)  gray matter. 
A)  cerebrospinal membranes. 
B)  meninges. 
C)  ventricles. 
D)  epithelium. 
E)  gray matter.

Question 9

Which of the following describes semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  ability to perform difficult motor activities 
B)  being able to recall telephone numbers 
C)  brief or temporary recall of recent events 
D)  ideas, concepts, and meanings 
E)  remembering persons or events 
A)  ability to perform difficult motor activities 
B)  being able to recall telephone numbers 
C)  brief or temporary recall of recent events 
D)  ideas, concepts, and meanings 
E)  remembering persons or events

Question 10

Which part of a simple reflex takes the message away from the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neuron 
B)  receptor 
C)  interneuron 
D)  motor neuron 
E)  effector 
A)  sensory neuron 
B)  receptor 
C)  interneuron 
D)  motor neuron 
E)  effector

Question 11

Which statement is true about the development of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depolarization continues until a potential of +15 mV is reached. 
B)  It requires three types of gated channels. 
C)  The action potential ends when the polarity across the membrane reaches +40 mV. 
D)  Depolarization occurs when sodium gates open and allow sodium ions to enter the axon. 
E)  Potassium gates open before the sodium gates and allow potassium ions to leave the axon. 
A)  Depolarization continues until a potential of +15 mV is reached. 
B)  It requires three types of gated channels. 
C)  The action potential ends when the polarity across the membrane reaches +40 mV. 
D)  Depolarization occurs when sodium gates open and allow sodium ions to enter the axon. 
E)  Potassium gates open before the sodium gates and allow potassium ions to leave the axon.

Question 12

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron is dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of calcium ions. 
B)  a neurotransmitter. 
C)  a synaptic cleft. 
D)  a presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  All of the answer choices are requirements for the transmission of a nerve impulse. 
A)  the presence of calcium ions. 
B)  a neurotransmitter. 
C)  a synaptic cleft. 
D)  a presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  All of the answer choices are requirements for the transmission of a nerve impulse.

Question 13

Explain why a blow to the base of the skull, damaging the medulla oblongata, can result in death.

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata regulates vital fu

Question 14

The interconnecting spaces that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  meninges. 
B)  ventricles. 
C)  corpus callosum. 
D)  insula. 
E)  ganglia. 
A)  meninges. 
B)  ventricles. 
C)  corpus callosum. 
D)  insula. 
E)  ganglia.

Question 15

What are the potential effects of heavy marijuana usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  hallucinations, anxiety, depression, body image distortion, and other psychotic symptoms 
B)  a decrease in dopamine production 
C)  a decrease in the natural production of endorphins 
D)  the release of excess dopamine production 
E)  All of the answer choices are potential effects of heavy marijuana usage. 
A)  hallucinations, anxiety, depression, body image distortion, and other psychotic symptoms 
B)  a decrease in dopamine production 
C)  a decrease in the natural production of endorphins 
D)  the release of excess dopamine production 
E)  All of the answer choices are potential effects of heavy marijuana usage.

Question 16

The likely effect on a neuron of 2 excitatory signals and 20 inhibitory signals is

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission of a nerve impulse. 
B)  transmission of a nerve impulse, releasing excitatory neurotransmitters at the next synapse. 
C)  transmission of a nerve impulse, releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters at the next synapse. 
D)  prohibiting the axon from firing at all. 
E)  confused integration. 
A)  transmission of a nerve impulse. 
B)  transmission of a nerve impulse, releasing excitatory neurotransmitters at the next synapse. 
C)  transmission of a nerve impulse, releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters at the next synapse. 
D)  prohibiting the axon from firing at all. 
E)  confused integration.

Question 17

Explain the transmission across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Accepted Answer

1. An action potential arrives at an axo

Question 18

Which brain structure acts as a conduit for sending messages to long-term memory and retrieving them?

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  pons 
D)  brain stem 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  hippocampus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  pons 
D)  brain stem 
E)  cerebellum

Question 19

Language is dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  memory. 
B)  the thalamus. 
C)  Broca's area. 
D)  Wernicke's area. 
E)  All of the answers are areas of the brain involved in language. 
A)  memory. 
B)  the thalamus. 
C)  Broca's area. 
D)  Wernicke's area. 
E)  All of the answers are areas of the brain involved in language.

Question 20

Which of the following describes a way that drugs can affect the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drugs cause neurotransmitters to leak out of a synaptic vesicle into the axon terminal. 
B)  Drugs promote the release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 
C)  Drugs block the enzyme that causes breakdown of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  Drugs mimic the action of a neurotransmitter by binding to the receptor. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe ways that drugs can affect the brain. 
A)  Drugs cause neurotransmitters to leak out of a synaptic vesicle into the axon terminal. 
B)  Drugs promote the release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 
C)  Drugs block the enzyme that causes breakdown of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  Drugs mimic the action of a neurotransmitter by binding to the receptor. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe ways that drugs can affect the brain.

Exam 17: Nervous System

In a reflex arc, nerve impulses are carried to the effector by a(n)

In a medical study involving a physicist suffering from a herpesvirus, it was discovered that which structure was involved in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories?

In order for transmission across the synapse to occur

A reflex

Heroin binds to receptors on neurons that travel from the spinal cord to the region of the brain that feels pleasure. These receptors are normally meant for

Generally, nerve impulses do not move "backward" along a series of neurons. What is the reason for this?

Which structures are associated with the limbic system?

The membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are called

Which of the following describes semantic memory?

Which part of a simple reflex takes the message away from the CNS?

Which statement is true about the development of an action potential?

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron is dependent on

Explain why a blow to the base of the skull, damaging the medulla oblongata, can result in death.

The interconnecting spaces that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain are known as

What are the potential effects of heavy marijuana usage?

The likely effect on a neuron of 2 excitatory signals and 20 inhibitory signals is

Explain the transmission across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Which brain structure acts as a conduit for sending messages to long-term memory and retrieving them?

Language is dependent on

Which of the following describes a way that drugs can affect the brain?

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