Question 1

All of the following changes to the anatomy of the kidneys occur with advanced age except

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidneys atrophy. 
B)  the number of nephrons in the kidneys decreases. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules become less efficient at secretion and reabsorption. 
D)  the renal arteries supply a greater amount of blood to the kidneys, increasing the rate of filtration. 
A)  the kidneys atrophy. 
B)  the number of nephrons in the kidneys decreases. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules become less efficient at secretion and reabsorption. 
D)  the renal arteries supply a greater amount of blood to the kidneys, increasing the rate of filtration. D

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
-Identify the letter that indicates a cortical radiate artery.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E A

Question 3

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
-Identify the letter that indicates the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E C

Question 4

From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoderm 
B)  mesoderm 
C)  endoderm 
D)  all three layers 
A)  ectoderm 
B)  mesoderm 
C)  endoderm 
D)  all three layers

Question 5

Kidney stones, or renal calculi, tend to lodge most often in places where their pathway out of the body tends to narrow. All of these are regions where the ureter narrows and kidney stones may lodge except

Accepted Answer

A)  where the renal pelvis narrows into the ureter. 
B)  at the urachus of the ureter. 
C)  at the point where the ureters enter the bladder. 
D)  where the ureters enter the true pelvis, passing by the sacroiliac joint. 
A)  where the renal pelvis narrows into the ureter. 
B)  at the urachus of the ureter. 
C)  at the point where the ureters enter the bladder. 
D)  where the ureters enter the true pelvis, passing by the sacroiliac joint.

Question 6

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
-Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels that absorb solutes from the convoluted tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 7

Urine passes through the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter. 
B)  renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra. 
C)  glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron. 
D)  hilum to the urethra to the bladder. 
A)  kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter. 
B)  renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra. 
C)  glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron. 
D)  hilum to the urethra to the bladder.

Question 8

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles. 
B)  the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules. 
C)  the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption. 
D)  the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex. 
A)  only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles. 
B)  the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules. 
C)  the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption. 
D)  the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

Question 9

The ________, a clinical landmark in the urinary bladder, is bounded by the two ureteric openings and the internal urethral orifice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________, a clinical landmark in the...

Question 10

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
-Identify the letter that indicates the proximal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ureteric orifice. 
B)  urachus opening. 
C)  internal urethral orifice. 
D)  detrusor. 
A)  ureteric orifice. 
B)  urachus opening. 
C)  internal urethral orifice. 
D)  detrusor.

Question 12

The embryonic urogenital sinus

Accepted Answer

A)  derives from the cloaca. 
B)  gives rise to the anus. 
C)  gives rise to the rectum. 
D)  gives rise to the ureters. 
A)  derives from the cloaca. 
B)  gives rise to the anus. 
C)  gives rise to the rectum. 
D)  gives rise to the ureters.

Question 13

The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is

Accepted Answer

A)  horseshoe kidney. 
B)  polycystic renal disease. 
C)  hydronephrosis. 
D)  pelvic kidney. 
A)  horseshoe kidney. 
B)  polycystic renal disease. 
C)  hydronephrosis. 
D)  pelvic kidney.

Question 14

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the production of antidiuretic hormone. 
B)  an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone. 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma. 
D)  the presence of a salty urine in the bladder. 
A)  a decrease in the production of antidiuretic hormone. 
B)  an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone. 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma. 
D)  the presence of a salty urine in the bladder.

Question 15

Urine drains from the kidney in the following sequence: from the collecting duct to the minor calyx to the major calyx to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The urinary bladder, when empty, lies within both the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capsule (podocytes). 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  thin segment. 
D)  distal tubule. 
A)  glomerular capsule (podocytes). 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  thin segment. 
D)  distal tubule.

Question 18

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons can be distinguished by the absence of a vasa recta in the cortical nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The micturition center is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  detrusor muscle layer of the bladder wall. 
C)  pons of the brain stem. 
D)  sacral spinal cord. 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  detrusor muscle layer of the bladder wall. 
C)  pons of the brain stem. 
D)  sacral spinal cord.

Question 20

Compare and contrast the construction of the bladder and ureter walls.

Accepted Answer

The walls of both the bladder and ureter

Exam 24: The Urinary System

All of the following changes to the anatomy of the kidneys occur with advanced age except

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Identify the letter that indicates a cortical radiate artery.

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Identify the letter that indicates the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.

From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?

Kidney stones, or renal calculi, tend to lodge most often in places where their pathway out of the body tends to narrow. All of these are regions where the ureter narrows and kidney stones may lodge except

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels that absorb solutes from the convoluted tubules.

Urine passes through the

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

The ________, a clinical landmark in the urinary bladder, is bounded by the two ureteric openings and the internal urethral orifice.

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Identify the letter that indicates the proximal convoluted tubule.

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

The embryonic urogenital sinus

The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

Urine drains from the kidney in the following sequence: from the collecting duct to the minor calyx to the major calyx to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter.

The urinary bladder, when empty, lies within both the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons can be distinguished by the absence of a vasa recta in the cortical nephrons.

The micturition center is located in the

Compare and contrast the construction of the bladder and ureter walls.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Cells: the Living Units

Basic Embryology

Tissues

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissues

Bones, Part 1: the Axial Skeleton

Bones, Part 2: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Muscles of the Body

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Reproductive System

Filters