Exam 4: Recognizing Visual Objects

The study by Gray et al.(1989)suggests that the Gestalt principles of may be repre- sented by synchronized neural oscillations.

We always assign border ownership to

Gray et al.(1989)studied synchronized neural oscillations while recording from two neurons,and they found that

In terms of the information they process,why should neurons in the visual processing stream have progressively larger and larger receptive fields (i.e. ,from area V1 to V4 to IT).

When one object partly occludes another,the border between the two is seen as belonging to the

This figure shows four stimuli and four response patterns for neurons in area V2 from the study by von der Heydt et al.(1984).This study suggests that

______________ is the first cortical area that belongs exclusively to the ventral pathway.

______________ refers to the fact that most scenes contain many objects scattered in three-dimensional space.

The approach to unconscious inference that uses prior probabilities to determine what the scene is that produced the current retinal image is called the approach.

Your text describes the two proposed approaches to object recognition: a single viewpoint- invariant representation versus objects represented in a view-specific manner.Discuss which approach can better explain our ability to distinguish different animals.Discuss which approach can better explain our ability to recognize different breeds of dogs?

For object recognition,the gist of a scene,considered information,is combined with specific details from the scene,considered information.

Regions that are perceived as being in front are perceived as the ,and regions that are symmetrical are perceived as the .

The______________ coding view holds that specific parts of the IT and occipital cortices are specialized for representing objects of specific categories,while the____________________________ coding view holds that objects are represented by the pattern of activity across relatively wide expanses of cortex.

Perceptual organization includes all of the following except

The bottom-up flow of information is consistent with flow

The fact that different retinal images can be projected by the same object or category of objects is known as

According to the Gestalt principle of ,elements that are close together are likely to be perceptually grouped.

Haxby et al.(2001)used fMRI to study brain activity while participants viewed different types of stimuli,including faces,houses,and chairs.Their findings showed that

According to the Gestalt principle of ,the elements xxooxxoo are likely to be perceptu- ally grouped as pairs of x's and o's.

______________ refers to a pattern of neural activity in the brain that contains information about a stimulus,while refers to the process of matching a representation of a stimulus to a representation stored in long-term memory.