Question 1

Helmholtz argued that the brain is always trying to figure out what the scene is that produced the current retinal image,and he named the process

Accepted Answer

A) conscious deduction. 
B) preconscious prediction. 
C) unconscious inference. 
A) conscious deduction. 
B) preconscious prediction. 
C) unconscious inference.

Question 2

Top-down information flow most clearly involves

Accepted Answer

A) borders and edges. 
B) representation. 
C) expectations. 
A) borders and edges. 
B) representation. 
C) expectations.

Question 3

Perceptual inference involves interpretation of the retinal image using

Accepted Answer

A) laws of perceptual organization. 
B) facial recognition software. 
C) heuristics. 
A) laws of perceptual organization. 
B) facial recognition software. 
C) heuristics.

Question 4

(Adapted from Expand Your Understanding,4.1. )You and a friend plan to meet at a concert by looking for each other outside the north entrance to the concert hall.When you get there,
you see hundreds of people milling around.Describe the challenges posed by object variety and variable views as you try to recognize your friend in the crowd.

Accepted Answer

If your friend were the only person at t

Question 5

Noise,in the form of a person's expression,lighting differences,and shadows can be a particu- lar problem for the approach to facial recognition.

Accepted Answer

A) feature-based 
B) holistic 
C) hybrid 
A) feature-based 
B) holistic 
C) hybrid

Question 6

Research by Zhou et al.(2000)on the neural basis of border ownership concluded that

Accepted Answer

A) it isn't until the later visual areas that information about border ownership is used. 
B) the early visual areas do use information about border ownership. 
C) the visual system does not encode information about border ownership. 
A) it isn't until the later visual areas that information about border ownership is used. 
B) the early visual areas do use information about border ownership. 
C) the visual system does not encode information about border ownership.

Question 7

______________ refers to the process of matching a representation of a stimulus to a representation stored in long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) Representation 
B) Recognition 
C) Perceptual organization 
A) Representation 
B) Recognition 
C) Perceptual organization

Question 8

The FFA is to the perception of ,as the extrastriate body area is to the perception of .

Accepted Answer

A) body parts;faces 
B) faces;body parts 
C) body parts;places 
A) body parts;faces 
B) faces;body parts 
C) body parts;places

Question 9

The figure is typically seen as

Accepted Answer

A) asymmetrical. 
B) in front. 
C) concave. 
A) asymmetrical. 
B) in front. 
C) concave.

Question 10

The Gestalt principle of may be represented by synchronized neural oscillations,ac- cording to the findings of Gray et al.(1989).

Accepted Answer

A) proximity 
B) common motion 
C) figure and ground 
A) proximity 
B) common motion 
C) figure and ground

Question 11

Describe the paradox that arises when meaningfulness provides the basis for figure-ground organization.

Accepted Answer

It would seem that perceptual organizati

Question 12

Perceptual organization includes

Accepted Answer

A) higher-level processes. 
B) dividing regions into figure and ground. 
C) object recognition. 
A) higher-level processes. 
B) dividing regions into figure and ground. 
C) object recognition.

Question 13

Damage to the parahippocampal place area could result in

Accepted Answer

A) prosopagnosia. 
B) visual agnosia. 
C) topographic agnosia. 
A) prosopagnosia. 
B) visual agnosia. 
C) topographic agnosia.

Question 14

Heuristics are

Accepted Answer

A) absolute laws of perceptual organization. 
B) rules of thumb for perceptual organization. 
C) guaranteed to produce correct perceptual groupings. 
A) absolute laws of perceptual organization. 
B) rules of thumb for perceptual organization. 
C) guaranteed to produce correct perceptual groupings.

Question 15

V4 neurons

Accepted Answer

A) respond to straight or curved edges. 
B) have preferred orientations that are identical to V1 neurons. 
C) have preferred retinal locations that are smaller than those of V1 neurons. 
A) respond to straight or curved edges. 
B) have preferred orientations that are identical to V1 neurons. 
C) have preferred retinal locations that are smaller than those of V1 neurons.

Question 16

A region perceived to be surrounded by other regions is perceived as the ,and a region that is concave (inward-going)is perceived as the .

Accepted Answer

A) figure;ground 
B) ground;figure 
C) figure;figure 
A) figure;ground 
B) ground;figure 
C) figure;figure

Question 17

Which approach to automated face recognition systems (feature-based,holistic,or hybrid)do you think is most similar to the way that humans perform this task?

Accepted Answer

Responses should draw connections betwee

Question 18

One can conclude from Haxby et al.'s 2001 study in which fMRI was used to study brain activ- ity while participants viewed different types of stimuli,including faces,houses,chairs,and scrambled images,that

Accepted Answer

A) the modular coding view is sufficient to explain the perception of objects. 
B) the distributed coding view is sufficient to explain the perception of objects. 
C) the modular coding view is insufficient to explain the perception of objects. 
A) the modular coding view is sufficient to explain the perception of objects. 
B) the distributed coding view is sufficient to explain the perception of objects. 
C) the modular coding view is insufficient to explain the perception of objects.

Question 19

In an ambiguous figure like Rubin's face/vase,you assign the border to

Accepted Answer

A) the faces always. 
B) the vase always. 
C) either the faces or the vase depending on which you see as the figure. 
A) the faces always. 
B) the vase always. 
C) either the faces or the vase depending on which you see as the figure.

Question 20

Summarize the evidence supporting the modular coding view of facial recognition.What is the evidence supporting the distributed coding view?

Accepted Answer

Evidence for modular coding comes from n

Helmholtz argued that the brain is always trying to figure out what the scene is that produced the current retinal image,and he named the process

Top-down information flow most clearly involves

Perceptual inference involves interpretation of the retinal image using

Noise,in the form of a person's expression,lighting differences,and shadows can be a particu- lar problem for the approach to facial recognition.

Research by Zhou et al.(2000)on the neural basis of border ownership concluded that

______________ refers to the process of matching a representation of a stimulus to a representation stored in long-term memory.

The FFA is to the perception of ,as the extrastriate body area is to the perception of .

The figure is typically seen as

The Gestalt principle of may be represented by synchronized neural oscillations,ac- cording to the findings of Gray et al.(1989).

Describe the paradox that arises when meaningfulness provides the basis for figure-ground organization.

Perceptual organization includes

Damage to the parahippocampal place area could result in

Heuristics are

V4 neurons

A region perceived to be surrounded by other regions is perceived as the ,and a region that is concave (inward-going)is perceived as the .

Which approach to automated face recognition systems (feature-based,holistic,or hybrid)do you think is most similar to the way that humans perform this task?

One can conclude from Haxby et al.'s 2001 study in which fMRI was used to study brain activ- ity while participants viewed different types of stimuli,including faces,houses,chairs,and scrambled images,that

In an ambiguous figure like Rubin's face/vase,you assign the border to

Summarize the evidence supporting the modular coding view of facial recognition.What is the evidence supporting the distributed coding view?

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion and Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

The Chemical Senses:

Filters

Exam 4: Recognizing Visual Objects

Helmholtz argued that the brain is always trying to figure out what the scene is that produced the current retinal image,and he named the process

Top-down information flow most clearly involves

Perceptual inference involves interpretation of the retinal image using

Noise,in the form of a person's expression,lighting differences,and shadows can be a particu- lar problem for the approach to facial recognition.

Research by Zhou et al.(2000)on the neural basis of border ownership concluded that

______________ refers to the process of matching a representation of a stimulus to a representation stored in long-term memory.

The FFA is to the perception of ,as the extrastriate body area is to the perception of .

The figure is typically seen as

The Gestalt principle of may be represented by synchronized neural oscillations,ac- cording to the findings of Gray et al.(1989).

Describe the paradox that arises when meaningfulness provides the basis for figure-ground organization.

Perceptual organization includes

Damage to the parahippocampal place area could result in

Heuristics are

V4 neurons

A region perceived to be surrounded by other regions is perceived as the ,and a region that is concave (inward-going)is perceived as the .

Which approach to automated face recognition systems (feature-based,holistic,or hybrid)do you think is most similar to the way that humans perform this task?

One can conclude from Haxby et al.'s 2001 study in which fMRI was used to study brain activ- ity while participants viewed different types of stimuli,including faces,houses,chairs,and scrambled images,that

In an ambiguous figure like Rubin's face/vase,you assign the border to

Summarize the evidence supporting the modular coding view of facial recognition.What is the evidence supporting the distributed coding view?

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion and Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

The Chemical Senses:

Filters