Question 1

Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  New instincts begin to emerge. 
B)  Human thought becomes less logical with each generation. 
C)  Humans can benefit from their experiences. 
D)  Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in terms of stimuli and responses. 
A)  New instincts begin to emerge. 
B)  Human thought becomes less logical with each generation. 
C)  Humans can benefit from their experiences. 
D)  Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in terms of stimuli and responses. C

Question 2

Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble. 
B)  After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate political practices he has previously opposed. 
C)  Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact "24 ÷ 4 = 6" is related to the multiplication fact "6 x 4 = 24." 
D)  David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago. 
A)  Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble. 
B)  After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate political practices he has previously opposed. 
C)  Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact "24 ÷ 4 = 6" is related to the multiplication fact "6 x 4 = 24." 
D)  David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago. A

Question 3

Theories are advantageous in several ways. Three of the following describe advantages of learning theories. Which one does not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories enable objective, unbiased reporting of research findings. 
B)  Theories help to condense large bodies of information. 
C)  Theories help practitioners design interventions that facilitate learning. 
D)  Theories provide an impetus for new research. 
A)  Theories enable objective, unbiased reporting of research findings. 
B)  Theories help to condense large bodies of information. 
C)  Theories help practitioners design interventions that facilitate learning. 
D)  Theories provide an impetus for new research. A

Question 4

A theory of learning can best be characterized as:

Accepted Answer

A)  A description of the results of a particular research study 
B)  A statement that describes how a particular factor affects learning 
C)  The measurement of how much learning has occurred in a particular situation 
D)  An explanation of the underlying processes through which learning occurs 
A)  A description of the results of a particular research study 
B)  A statement that describes how a particular factor affects learning 
C)  The measurement of how much learning has occurred in a particular situation 
D)  An explanation of the underlying processes through which learning occurs

Question 5

Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be reflected in a person's behavior. Which one of the following changes does not necessarily reflect learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although it's a school night, Dean plays video games until well past his usual bedtime. As he becomes more tired, he finds it increasingly difficult to concentrate on what he's doing. 
B)  Even as a young child, Jerry could tell you that his grandparents immigrated to the United States from Ireland. But after a conversation with his grandmother, he can now describe the circumstances of the family's immigration in considerable detail. 
C)  Day after day, Martin practices his basketball skills shooting, dribbling, etc.) on a basketball court at a local park. With each practice session, his movements become faster and smoother. 
D)  Lewis occasionally asks for help when he has difficulty with his classwork, but most of the time he just struggles quietly on his own. After his teacher assures him that asking for help is not a sign of weakness or inability, he begins asking for help much more frequently. 
A)  Although it's a school night, Dean plays video games until well past his usual bedtime. As he becomes more tired, he finds it increasingly difficult to concentrate on what he's doing. 
B)  Even as a young child, Jerry could tell you that his grandparents immigrated to the United States from Ireland. But after a conversation with his grandmother, he can now describe the circumstances of the family's immigration in considerable detail. 
C)  Day after day, Martin practices his basketball skills shooting, dribbling, etc.) on a basketball court at a local park. With each practice session, his movements become faster and smoother. 
D)  Lewis occasionally asks for help when he has difficulty with his classwork, but most of the time he just struggles quietly on his own. After his teacher assures him that asking for help is not a sign of weakness or inability, he begins asking for help much more frequently.

Question 6

Sometimes we know learning has occurred because the learner engages in a new behavior-one that he or she has never before exhibited. But other kinds of behavior changes may also indicate that learning has taken place. Describe three additional ways in which behavior might change as a result of learning. Give a concrete example to illustrate each one.

Accepted Answer

1. Generalization: Generalization occurs

Question 7

Which one of the following statements provides the most credible explanation for the fact that human beings seem to surpass all other animal species in their thinking and learning capacities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only human beings have the capability to make tools. 
B)  Humans communicate regularly with one another and, in doing so, pass along what they've learned to future generations. 
C)  Human beings have a huge repertoire of instinctual behaviors from which they can draw when they encounter new experiences. 
D)  Human brains are smaller than those of other intelligent species e.g., elephants, dolphins and therefore can transmit messages more quickly and efficiently. 
A)  Only human beings have the capability to make tools. 
B)  Humans communicate regularly with one another and, in doing so, pass along what they've learned to future generations. 
C)  Human beings have a huge repertoire of instinctual behaviors from which they can draw when they encounter new experiences. 
D)  Human brains are smaller than those of other intelligent species e.g., elephants, dolphins and therefore can transmit messages more quickly and efficiently.

Question 8

A principle of learning can best be characterized as:

Accepted Answer

A)  A description of the results of a particular research study 
B)  A statement that describes how a particular factor affects learning 
C)  The measurement of how much learning has occurred in a particular situation 
D)  An explanation of the underlying processes through which learning occurs 
A)  A description of the results of a particular research study 
B)  A statement that describes how a particular factor affects learning 
C)  The measurement of how much learning has occurred in a particular situation 
D)  An explanation of the underlying processes through which learning occurs

Question 9

Which of the following would be an example of a qualitative research study of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A researcher interviews 25 students about their experiences learning science. 
B)  A researcher gives 500 students in a History course a pre-test at the beginning of the semester, and a post-test at the end, to determine how much they learned. 
C)  A researcher brings volunteers into her lab to demonstrate a new learning strategy, and measures how well they implement the strategy on tasks that they perform while there. 
D)  A researcher goes to a local middle school to demonstrate a new learning strategy, and surveys students to determine how useful they believe the strategy to be. 
A)  A researcher interviews 25 students about their experiences learning science. 
B)  A researcher gives 500 students in a History course a pre-test at the beginning of the semester, and a post-test at the end, to determine how much they learned. 
C)  A researcher brings volunteers into her lab to demonstrate a new learning strategy, and measures how well they implement the strategy on tasks that they perform while there. 
D)  A researcher goes to a local middle school to demonstrate a new learning strategy, and surveys students to determine how useful they believe the strategy to be.

Question 10

Three of the following are principles of learning. Which one is a theory of learning rather than a principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A behavior that is followed by punishment decreases in frequency. 
B)  People learn by making mental associations between new information and their existing knowledge. 
C)  A response that is rewarded every time it occurs increases more rapidly than a response that is only occasionally rewarded. 
D)  Students tend to remember more of a lecture if they take notes on the lecture's content. 
A)  A behavior that is followed by punishment decreases in frequency. 
B)  People learn by making mental associations between new information and their existing knowledge. 
C)  A response that is rewarded every time it occurs increases more rapidly than a response that is only occasionally rewarded. 
D)  Students tend to remember more of a lecture if they take notes on the lecture's content.

Question 11

_____________ research examines learning in tightly controlled settings and ___________ research examines learning in real-world settings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Applied; Basic 
B)  Basic; Qualitative 
C)  Qualitative; Applied 
D)  Basic; Applied 
A)  Applied; Basic 
B)  Basic; Qualitative 
C)  Qualitative; Applied 
D)  Basic; Applied

Question 12

Which one of the following statements is most accurate statement regarding theories of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have been proven to be true. 
B)  They will eventually be replaced by physiological explanations of how learning occurs. 
C)  They are often modified as new data emerge. 
D)  Any theory can be used to explain virtually every instance of learning. 
A)  They have been proven to be true. 
B)  They will eventually be replaced by physiological explanations of how learning occurs. 
C)  They are often modified as new data emerge. 
D)  Any theory can be used to explain virtually every instance of learning.

Question 13

Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is this an instance of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because her behavior has changed. 
B)  No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar. 
C)  Maybe, although the change may simply be due to physiological maturation. 
D)  Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately. 
A)  Yes, because her behavior has changed. 
B)  No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar. 
C)  Maybe, although the change may simply be due to physiological maturation. 
D)  Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.

Question 14

Distinguish between principles and theories of learning, and give a specific example of each.

Accepted Answer

Principles of learning refer to the fund

Question 15

Three of the following represent why it is important for teachers to understand theories and principles related to learning. Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teachers can draw on research findings to determine the effectiveness of instructional methods and strategies 
B)  Teachers can maximize student learning when they understand what factors and processes influence how students learn. 
C)  Teachers can help students avoid common pitfalls to learning. 
D)  Teachers can help prove learning theories and principles, leading to new laws in the field of psychology. 
A)  Teachers can draw on research findings to determine the effectiveness of instructional methods and strategies 
B)  Teachers can maximize student learning when they understand what factors and processes influence how students learn. 
C)  Teachers can help students avoid common pitfalls to learning. 
D)  Teachers can help prove learning theories and principles, leading to new laws in the field of psychology.

Question 16

Theories of learning have both advantages and disadvantages. Describe at least two advantages and one disadvantage; in each case, explain the particular effect that the advantage or disadvantage has on the advancement of our understanding of human learning.

Accepted Answer

Theories of learning provide a framework

Question 17

The textbook's perspective regarding various theories of learning is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorist theories are probably more accurate. 
B)  Cognitivist theories are probably more accurate. 
C)  There is currently no "right" theory, but one will eventually be developed. 
D)  Different theories may be applicable in different situations. 
A)  Behaviorist theories are probably more accurate. 
B)  Cognitivist theories are probably more accurate. 
C)  There is currently no "right" theory, but one will eventually be developed. 
D)  Different theories may be applicable in different situations.

Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:

Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?

Theories are advantageous in several ways. Three of the following describe advantages of learning theories. Which one does not?

A theory of learning can best be characterized as:

Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be reflected in a person's behavior. Which one of the following changes does not necessarily reflect learning?

Which one of the following statements provides the most credible explanation for the fact that human beings seem to surpass all other animal species in their thinking and learning capacities?

A principle of learning can best be characterized as:

Which of the following would be an example of a qualitative research study of learning?

Three of the following are principles of learning. Which one is a theory of learning rather than a principle?

___ research examines learning in tightly controlled settings and _ research examines learning in real-world settings.

Which one of the following statements is most accurate statement regarding theories of learning?

Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is this an instance of learning?

Distinguish between principles and theories of learning, and give a specific example of each.

Three of the following represent why it is important for teachers to understand theories and principles related to learning. Which one is not?

Theories of learning have both advantages and disadvantages. Describe at least two advantages and one disadvantage; in each case, explain the particular effect that the advantage or disadvantage has on the advancement of our understanding of human learning.

The textbook's perspective regarding various theories of learning is that:

Learning and the Brain

Behaviorist Principles and Theories

Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Social Cognitive Theory

Introduction to Cognitive Perspectives

The Nature of Knowledge

Cognitive-Developmental Perspectives

Sociocultural Theories

Contemporary Contextual Frameworks

Metacognition, Self-Regulated Learning, and Study Strategies

Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking

Learning and Technology

Basic Concepts and Principles in Human Motivation

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Appendiex Integrative

Filters

Exam 1: Perspectives on Learning

Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:

Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?

Theories are advantageous in several ways. Three of the following describe advantages of learning theories. Which one does not?

A theory of learning can best be characterized as:

Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be reflected in a person's behavior. Which one of the following changes does not necessarily reflect learning?

Which one of the following statements provides the most credible explanation for the fact that human beings seem to surpass all other animal species in their thinking and learning capacities?

A principle of learning can best be characterized as:

Which of the following would be an example of a qualitative research study of learning?

Three of the following are principles of learning. Which one is a theory of learning rather than a principle?

_____________ research examines learning in tightly controlled settings and ___________ research examines learning in real-world settings.

Which one of the following statements is most accurate statement regarding theories of learning?

Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is this an instance of learning?

Distinguish between principles and theories of learning, and give a specific example of each.

Three of the following represent why it is important for teachers to understand theories and principles related to learning. Which one is not?

Theories of learning have both advantages and disadvantages. Describe at least two advantages and one disadvantage; in each case, explain the particular effect that the advantage or disadvantage has on the advancement of our understanding of human learning.

The textbook's perspective regarding various theories of learning is that:

Learning and the Brain

Behaviorist Principles and Theories

Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Social Cognitive Theory

Introduction to Cognitive Perspectives

The Nature of Knowledge

Cognitive-Developmental Perspectives

Sociocultural Theories

Contemporary Contextual Frameworks

Metacognition, Self-Regulated Learning, and Study Strategies

Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking

Learning and Technology

Basic Concepts and Principles in Human Motivation

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Appendiex Integrative

Filters

___ research examines learning in tightly controlled settings and _ research examines learning in real-world settings.