Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship of Mahavira and the Buddha with Brahman spiritual authority?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha accepted the elaborate cosmology of Brahman scholars. 
B)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha objected to the ritual sacrifices of animals by the Brahmans. 
C)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha relied upon the oral transmission of their teachings,whereas the Brahmans relied upon writing down their teachings. 
D)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha rejected the idea of ritual sacrifice but upheld the caste system. 
A)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha accepted the elaborate cosmology of Brahman scholars. 
B)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha objected to the ritual sacrifices of animals by the Brahmans. 
C)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha relied upon the oral transmission of their teachings,whereas the Brahmans relied upon writing down their teachings. 
D)  Both Mahavira and the Buddha rejected the idea of ritual sacrifice but upheld the caste system. C

Question 2

The introduction of an alphabetic script circa 600 BCE created which of the following changes in Vedic society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaishyas gained more wealth and social importance because they could now record transactions and thus improve profitability. 
B)  The Brahmans' control over religious ideas was undercut because previously only the Brahmans had memorized the vast amount of Vedic religious literature. 
C)  Untouchables took over the role of scribe and began to mingle with other varnas. 
D)  Kshatriyas gained prestige because they could now popularize the tales of ancient heroes who had led the migration into India. 
A)  Vaishyas gained more wealth and social importance because they could now record transactions and thus improve profitability. 
B)  The Brahmans' control over religious ideas was undercut because previously only the Brahmans had memorized the vast amount of Vedic religious literature. 
C)  Untouchables took over the role of scribe and began to mingle with other varnas. 
D)  Kshatriyas gained prestige because they could now popularize the tales of ancient heroes who had led the migration into India. B

Question 3

In the class structure of South Asia circa 500 BCE,in addition to the four traditional varnas,what factor led to the development of new specialized social groups called jati?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vedic migrants forced local inhabitants into lower castes 
B)  Booming agriculture allowed for greater variety of occupations 
C)  Increased social mobility 
D)  Increased intermarriage between groups 
A)  Vedic migrants forced local inhabitants into lower castes 
B)  Booming agriculture allowed for greater variety of occupations 
C)  Increased social mobility 
D)  Increased intermarriage between groups B

Question 4

Which of the following was a major difference in forced labor under the Greeks in the Mediterranean Basin in the Axial Age and in China under the Zhou?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Greeks only enslaved non-Greeks,but the Zhou enslaved their own people. 
B)  Greek slaves comprised a very small portion of the population of most city-states,while under the Zhou nearly half of the population was enslaved. 
C)  The Greeks created chattel slavery,while the Zhou used labor as a form of tribute. 
D)  The Greeks sold off women to pay debts such as taxes,but the Zhou never allowed women to be sold as slaves. 
A)  The Greeks only enslaved non-Greeks,but the Zhou enslaved their own people. 
B)  Greek slaves comprised a very small portion of the population of most city-states,while under the Zhou nearly half of the population was enslaved. 
C)  The Greeks created chattel slavery,while the Zhou used labor as a form of tribute. 
D)  The Greeks sold off women to pay debts such as taxes,but the Zhou never allowed women to be sold as slaves.

Question 5

Which of the following was a way that the Chavín people responded to Andean environmental constraints?

Accepted Answer

A)  They developed hardy wheat crops that flourished in the colder elevations. 
B)  They lacked the technology to produce metal goods,so they specialized in wood carving. 
C)  They relied on llamas to transport political officials across the empire. 
D)  They organized their societies vertically along steep mountainsides to take advantage of the different crops that could be grown in different zones. 
A)  They developed hardy wheat crops that flourished in the colder elevations. 
B)  They lacked the technology to produce metal goods,so they specialized in wood carving. 
C)  They relied on llamas to transport political officials across the empire. 
D)  They organized their societies vertically along steep mountainsides to take advantage of the different crops that could be grown in different zones.

Question 6

Which of the following reflects a major economic difference between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of Afro-Eurasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sub-Saharan Africa was isolated from trade with the Nile Valley and North Africa. 
B)  Sub-Saharan African agriculture was based on barley,not wheat or rice. 
C)  Sub-Saharan Africans valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture. 
D)  Sub-Saharan African land was held by chieftains who parceled it out to tenants to grow crops. 
A)  Sub-Saharan Africa was isolated from trade with the Nile Valley and North Africa. 
B)  Sub-Saharan African agriculture was based on barley,not wheat or rice. 
C)  Sub-Saharan Africans valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture. 
D)  Sub-Saharan African land was held by chieftains who parceled it out to tenants to grow crops.

Question 7

Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia around 500 BCE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Civic authorities gave specific attention to issues of sanitation. 
B)  City planning was carefully organized. 
C)  Cities served primarily as administrative centers. 
D)  Cities were occupied exclusively by wealthy elites and the priests who served them. 
A)  Civic authorities gave specific attention to issues of sanitation. 
B)  City planning was carefully organized. 
C)  Cities served primarily as administrative centers. 
D)  Cities were occupied exclusively by wealthy elites and the priests who served them.

Question 8

In which of the following ways did Olmec society differ from most other decentralized agrarian cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Olmec priests studied weather patterns in order to develop an accurate calendar system for planting crops. 
B)  The Olmecs were more simple and egalitarian than other agrarian cultures. 
C)  The Olmecs developed an elaborate social system characterized by many tiers of rankings. 
D)  Olmec chieftains were organized for warfare,not for overseeing the economy and agriculture. 
A)  Olmec priests studied weather patterns in order to develop an accurate calendar system for planting crops. 
B)  The Olmecs were more simple and egalitarian than other agrarian cultures. 
C)  The Olmecs developed an elaborate social system characterized by many tiers of rankings. 
D)  Olmec chieftains were organized for warfare,not for overseeing the economy and agriculture.

Question 9

Which of the following characterized innovations in warfare during the Warring States period in China?

Accepted Answer

A)  Territorial states could produce armies of up to one thousand men. 
B)  Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances. 
C)  Armies were led by family members of the king in order to ensure the loyalty of the military. 
D)  Siege warfare was less successful because of innovations in defensive fortification. 
A)  Territorial states could produce armies of up to one thousand men. 
B)  Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances. 
C)  Armies were led by family members of the king in order to ensure the loyalty of the military. 
D)  Siege warfare was less successful because of innovations in defensive fortification.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of Axial Age thinkers in the Mediterranean city-states?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were based in northern Africa,where they were influenced by Egyptian thought. 
B)  They drew heavily on the older,traditional values they encountered through trade with more established states and empires. 
C)  They were independent thinkers,all of whom rejected the existence of the gods. 
D)  They looked to nature itself rather than focusing on the role of gods to explain the universe. 
A)  They were based in northern Africa,where they were influenced by Egyptian thought. 
B)  They drew heavily on the older,traditional values they encountered through trade with more established states and empires. 
C)  They were independent thinkers,all of whom rejected the existence of the gods. 
D)  They looked to nature itself rather than focusing on the role of gods to explain the universe.

Question 11

Which of the following accurately describes the goals of Axial Age thinkers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teaching rulers how to govern justly and individuals to live ethically 
B)  Teaching priests proper beliefs and individuals to treat each other with kindness 
C)  Training military leaders to use the forces of nature against opposing armies 
D)  Training government bureaucrats to effectively run states 
A)  Teaching rulers how to govern justly and individuals to live ethically 
B)  Teaching priests proper beliefs and individuals to treat each other with kindness 
C)  Training military leaders to use the forces of nature against opposing armies 
D)  Training government bureaucrats to effectively run states

Question 12

Which of the following is evidence of the economic growth of the Mediterranean city-states?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rapid population increase 
B)  A new aristocratic culture featuring public displays of wealth 
C)  The establishment of large bureaucracies 
D)  The use of paper money to facilitate commercial exchanges 
A)  Rapid population increase 
B)  A new aristocratic culture featuring public displays of wealth 
C)  The establishment of large bureaucracies 
D)  The use of paper money to facilitate commercial exchanges

Question 13

Which of the following reflects a commonality of the Sudanic peoples spread across sub-Saharan Africa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sudanic peoples borrowed their institutions from equatorial Africa. 
B)  Sudanic peoples were skilled weavers of linen,a crop they had domesticated. 
C)  Sudanic peoples' religious beliefs were dominated by a high god served by sacred kings. 
D)  Sudanic peoples had no large domesticated animals such as horses or cattle. 
A)  Sudanic peoples borrowed their institutions from equatorial Africa. 
B)  Sudanic peoples were skilled weavers of linen,a crop they had domesticated. 
C)  Sudanic peoples' religious beliefs were dominated by a high god served by sacred kings. 
D)  Sudanic peoples had no large domesticated animals such as horses or cattle.

Question 14

The Chavín drew on influences as far away as the Amazon to create devotional cults that revered animals as representatives of spiritual forces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following was a consequence of the reforms implemented by government minister Shang Yang during the Warring States period in China?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Qin became the dominant state in China. 
B)  "Superior men" were excluded from government. 
C)  The power of the military was weakened by excessive punishment for failure. 
D)  The Wu became the dominant state in China. 
A)  The Qin became the dominant state in China. 
B)  "Superior men" were excluded from government. 
C)  The power of the military was weakened by excessive punishment for failure. 
D)  The Wu became the dominant state in China.

Question 16

Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia as well as for cities in Greece and China around 500 BCE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population declined because of warfare and invasion. 
B)  Accounting and financial record keeping had not yet emerged,which limited the growth of financial transactions. 
C)  City dwellers,compared to rural peasants,had less material wealth. 
D)  Coins came into use around this time,which improved commerce in urban areas. 
A)  Population declined because of warfare and invasion. 
B)  Accounting and financial record keeping had not yet emerged,which limited the growth of financial transactions. 
C)  City dwellers,compared to rural peasants,had less material wealth. 
D)  Coins came into use around this time,which improved commerce in urban areas.

Question 17

In addition to iron smelting,the Nok people in West Africa were known for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Nok were isolated and therefore developed a distinct artistic style. 
B)  The Nok were the only culture to develop agriculture in this region. 
C)  The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil. 
D)  The Nok developed a sophisticated written script that preserved religious texts. 
A)  The Nok were isolated and therefore developed a distinct artistic style. 
B)  The Nok were the only culture to develop agriculture in this region. 
C)  The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil. 
D)  The Nok developed a sophisticated written script that preserved religious texts.

Question 18

Which of the following was an important social change during the Warring States period in China?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power. 
B)  The status of priests declined as both commoners and elites rejected divination in favor of rational analysis of the present. 
C)  The status of peasants fell since they were denied admission into the army. 
D)  Gender relations became more flexible as the economic contribution of women increased due to their work in the fields. 
A)  Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power. 
B)  The status of priests declined as both commoners and elites rejected divination in favor of rational analysis of the present. 
C)  The status of peasants fell since they were denied admission into the army. 
D)  Gender relations became more flexible as the economic contribution of women increased due to their work in the fields.

Question 19

Meroitic monumental architecture such as the Temple of the Lion God can be used to posit a cultural link between Meroe and which of the following civilizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Nok 
B)  Assyria 
C)  The Persians 
D)  Egypt 
A)  The Nok 
B)  Assyria 
C)  The Persians 
D)  Egypt

Question 20

Confucius thought that a harmonious existence was based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unfettered individual freedom 
B)  Clear laws and punishments to maintain order 
C)  Carefully studying the natural world 
D)  Ethical behavior based on family and filial duty 
A)  Unfettered individual freedom 
B)  Clear laws and punishments to maintain order 
C)  Carefully studying the natural world 
D)  Ethical behavior based on family and filial duty

Exam 5: Worlds Turned Inside Out 1000-350 Bce

Which of the following best describes the relationship of Mahavira and the Buddha with Brahman spiritual authority?

The introduction of an alphabetic script circa 600 BCE created which of the following changes in Vedic society?

In the class structure of South Asia circa 500 BCE,in addition to the four traditional varnas,what factor led to the development of new specialized social groups called jati?

Which of the following was a major difference in forced labor under the Greeks in the Mediterranean Basin in the Axial Age and in China under the Zhou?

Which of the following was a way that the Chavín people responded to Andean environmental constraints?

Which of the following reflects a major economic difference between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of Afro-Eurasia?

Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia around 500 BCE?

In which of the following ways did Olmec society differ from most other decentralized agrarian cultures?

Which of the following characterized innovations in warfare during the Warring States period in China?

Which of the following is true of Axial Age thinkers in the Mediterranean city-states?

Which of the following accurately describes the goals of Axial Age thinkers?

Which of the following is evidence of the economic growth of the Mediterranean city-states?

Which of the following reflects a commonality of the Sudanic peoples spread across sub-Saharan Africa?

The Chavín drew on influences as far away as the Amazon to create devotional cults that revered animals as representatives of spiritual forces.

Which of the following was a consequence of the reforms implemented by government minister Shang Yang during the Warring States period in China?

Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia as well as for cities in Greece and China around 500 BCE?

In addition to iron smelting,the Nok people in West Africa were known for which of the following?

Which of the following was an important social change during the Warring States period in China?

Meroitic monumental architecture such as the Temple of the Lion God can be used to posit a cultural link between Meroe and which of the following civilizations?

Confucius thought that a harmonious existence was based on which of the following?

Becoming Human

Rivers,cities,and First States 3500-2000 Bce

Nomads,territorial States,and Microsocieties 2000-1200 Bce

First Empires and Common Cultures in Afro-Eurasia 1250-325 Bce

Shrinking the Afro-Eurasian World 350-100 Bce

Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome 300 Bce-300 Ce

The Rise of Universalizing Religions 300-600 Ce

New Empires and Common Cultures 600-1000 Ce

Becoming the World 1000-1300 Ce

Crisis and Recovery in Afro-Eurasia 1300-1500

Contact,commerce,and Colonization 1450-1600

Worlds Entangled 1600-1750

Cultures of Splendor and Power 1500-1780

Reordering the World 1750-1850

Alternative Visions of the Nineteenth Century

Nations and Empires 1850-1914

An Unsettled World 1890-1914

Of Masses and Visions of the Modern 1910-1939

The Three-World Order 1940-1975

Globalization 1970-2000

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