Question 1

Between latitudes of 30° N and 30° S, NPP is primarily constrained by

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature. 
B)  fertility. 
C)  pH. 
D)  precipitation. 
A)  temperature. 
B)  fertility. 
C)  pH. 
D)  precipitation.

Question 2

Which of the following ecosystems has the highest levels of primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  coral reef 
B)  swamp 
C)  lake 
D)  salt marsh 
A)  coral reef 
B)  swamp 
C)  lake 
D)  salt marsh

Question 3

The lowest level in marine trophic pyramids is

Accepted Answer

A)  phytoplankton. 
B)  zooplankton. 
C)  pelagic fish. 
D)  periplankton. 
A)  phytoplankton. 
B)  zooplankton. 
C)  pelagic fish. 
D)  periplankton.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT used to measure primary production?

Accepted Answer

A)  uptake and release of O2 
B)  net movement of 14C 
C)  release of CO2 
D)  changes in standing crop 
A)  uptake and release of O2 
B)  net movement of 14C 
C)  release of CO2 
D)  changes in standing crop

Question 5

Which of the following ecosystems has the lowest levels of primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  desert scrub 
B)  temperate grassland 
C)  savanna 
D)  tundra 
A)  desert scrub 
B)  temperate grassland 
C)  savanna 
D)  tundra

Question 6

$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Energy (J) } & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Terrestrial } \
\text { Ecosystem }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Aquatic } \
\text { Ecosystem }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Net production available in } \
\text { lower trophic level }
\end{array} & 1,500 & 1,500 \
\hline \text { Consumed energy } & 375 & 826 \
\hline \text { Assimilated energy } & 260 & 550 \
\hline \text { Net production energy } & 84 & 210 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
Calculate in joules the four types of ecological efficiencies for the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from the table. Which ecosystem is more ecologically efficient?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the four types of ecologica

Question 7

Using remote sensing, an ecosystem with high absorption of blue and red wavelengths and high reflectance of green reflectance would likely be found

Accepted Answer

A)  in the polar regions. 
B)  in the tropical rainforest. 
C)  in the desert. 
D)  in the open ocean. 
A)  in the polar regions. 
B)  in the tropical rainforest. 
C)  in the desert. 
D)  in the open ocean.

Question 8

Terrestrial primary productivity can be quantified by measuring the uptake and release of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  water vapor. 
C)  nitrate. 
D)  methane. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  water vapor. 
C)  nitrate. 
D)  methane.

Question 9

Researchers have found that whales consume approximately _____ of the ocean's NPP (net primary productivity).

Accepted Answer

A)  88 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  12 percent 
D)  3 percent 
A)  88 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  12 percent 
D)  3 percent

Question 10

Assimilation energy is the percentage of consumed energy that is

Accepted Answer

A)  used for reproduction. 
B)  digested and absorbed. 
C)  used for growth. 
D)  consumed by the next higher trophic level. 
A)  used for reproduction. 
B)  digested and absorbed. 
C)  used for growth. 
D)  consumed by the next higher trophic level.

Question 11

Aquatic ecosystems typically have _____ trophic levels, while terrestrial ecosystems typically have _____ trophic levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  two; three 
B)  four; five 
C)  three or four; six 
D)  five; three or four 
A)  two; three 
B)  four; five 
C)  three or four; six 
D)  five; three or four

Question 12

As a rule of thumb, ecologists use _____ as a value for food chain efficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  15 percent 
D)  20 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  15 percent 
D)  20 percent

Question 13

Net primary productivity is calculated as

Accepted Answer

A)  GPP ÷ respiration. 
B)  GPP × respiration. 
C)  respiration - GPP. 
D)  GPP - respiration. 
A)  GPP ÷ respiration. 
B)  GPP × respiration. 
C)  respiration - GPP. 
D)  GPP - respiration.

Question 14

Why can plants use only a small portion of the light energy that strikes the surface of a leaf?

Accepted Answer

Plants can use only a small portion of t

Question 15

When looking at net production efficiencies, we would likely

Accepted Answer

A)  see homeotherms having a higher efficiency than poikilotherms. 
B)  see homeotherms having a lower efficiency than poikilotherms. 
C)  see homeotherms and poikilotherms having the same net production efficiencies. 
D)  not be able to determine since net production efficiencies cannot be quantified for poikilotherms. 
A)  see homeotherms having a higher efficiency than poikilotherms. 
B)  see homeotherms having a lower efficiency than poikilotherms. 
C)  see homeotherms and poikilotherms having the same net production efficiencies. 
D)  not be able to determine since net production efficiencies cannot be quantified for poikilotherms.

Question 16

What is the source of most energy that moves through ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  oceans 
B)  soil nutrients 
C)  the Sun 
D)  Earth's core 
A)  oceans 
B)  soil nutrients 
C)  the Sun 
D)  Earth's core

Question 17

Which of the following units is commonly used to express GPP?

Accepted Answer

A)  kJ/m2/y 
B)  kPa/m2/y 
C)  kg/m2/y 
D)  kmol/m2/y 
A)  kJ/m2/y 
B)  kPa/m2/y 
C)  kg/m2/y 
D)  kmol/m2/y

Question 18

Standing crop is determined by _____ productivity.

Accepted Answer

A)  net primary 
B)  gross primary 
C)  net secondary 
D)  gross secondary 
A)  net primary 
B)  gross primary 
C)  net secondary 
D)  gross secondary

Question 19

What are the major drivers of NPP?

Accepted Answer

A)  fertility and precipitation 
B)  temperature and pH 
C)  temperature and precipitation 
D)  fertility and temperature 
A)  fertility and precipitation 
B)  temperature and pH 
C)  temperature and precipitation 
D)  fertility and temperature

Question 20

What percentage of solar energy is captured by plants for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 percent 
B)  1 percent 
C)  99 percent 
D)  25 percent 
A)  50 percent 
B)  1 percent 
C)  99 percent 
D)  25 percent

Exam 20: Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Between latitudes of 30° N and 30° S, NPP is primarily constrained by

Which of the following ecosystems has the highest levels of primary productivity?

The lowest level in marine trophic pyramids is

Which of the following is NOT used to measure primary production?

Which of the following ecosystems has the lowest levels of primary productivity?

Using remote sensing, an ecosystem with high absorption of blue and red wavelengths and high reflectance of green reflectance would likely be found

Terrestrial primary productivity can be quantified by measuring the uptake and release of

Researchers have found that whales consume approximately _____ of the ocean's NPP (net primary productivity).

Assimilation energy is the percentage of consumed energy that is

Aquatic ecosystems typically have _____ trophic levels, while terrestrial ecosystems typically have _____ trophic levels.

As a rule of thumb, ecologists use _____ as a value for food chain efficiency.

Net primary productivity is calculated as

Why can plants use only a small portion of the light energy that strikes the surface of a leaf?

When looking at net production efficiencies, we would likely

What is the source of most energy that moves through ecosystems?

Which of the following units is commonly used to express GPP?

Standing crop is determined by _____ productivity.

What are the major drivers of NPP?

What percentage of solar energy is captured by plants for photosynthesis?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Exam 20: Movement of Energy in Ecosystems　

Aquatic ecosystems typically have _ trophic levels, while terrestrial ecosystems typically have _ trophic levels.