Exam 1: Introducing Operating Systems

Starting in the 1950s,to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU,an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

In the 1980s,as a result of multiprocessing techniques,it became possible to execute two programs at the same time in parallel.

The Device Manager is responsible for connecting with every device that's available on the system and for choosing the most efficient way to allocate them.

____ allows separate partitions of a single server to support different operating systems.

The operating system manages each and every piece of hardware and software.

With the development of ____ technology,a single chip was equipped with two or more processor cores.

Operating systems with networking capability have a fifth essential manager called the Network Manager that provides a convenient way for authorized users to share resources.

A hybrid system is a combination of ____ systems.

The word ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory),as opposed to being held in secondary storage.

The most common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the ____ concept,whereby the CPU was notified of events needing operating systems services.

____ systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

When executing a job,the File Manager determines whether a user request requires that a file be retrieved from storage or whether it is already in memory.

Each peripheral device has its own software,called a(n)____,which contains the detailed instructions required to start that device,allocate it to a job,use the device correctly,and deallocate it when it's appropriate.

There are two types of real-time systems depending on the consequences of missing the deadline.A ____ real-time system risks total system failure if the predicted time deadline is missed.

General-purpose operating systems such as Linux or Windows are used in embedded systems.

The efficiency of a batch system is measured in ____,which is the number of jobs completed in a given amount of time.

The name for the core portion of an operating system is the ____.

Networking was not always an integral part of operating systems.

In active multiprogramming,each program is allowed to use only a preset amount of CPU time before it is interrupted so another job can begin its execution.The interrupted job resumes execution at some later time.This idea is called ____.

The buffers used in the 1950s to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU were conceptually similar to those now used routinely by Web browsers to make video and audio playback smoother.