Exam 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Describe the mechanism of decompensated heart failure.

An increased ESV ____________________ the stroke volume.

Ventricular filling occurs more rapidly early in diastole than it does later in diastole.

The rate of appearance of the QRS and T waves is unaffected if the heart develops a complete heart block.

Match the pressure relationships, labelled e., with the times in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)a. through a.aortic pressure > ventricular pressure > atrial pressure b.ventricular pressure > aortic pressure > atrial pressure c.aortic pressure > atrial pressure > ventricular pressure d.ventricular pressure > atrial pressure > aortic pressure e.atrial pressure > ventricular pressure > aortic pressure -when the aortic valve opens

Cardiac output is stroke volume times the heart rate.

The ____________________ is the volume of blood in the ventricle when ejection is complete.

The parasympathetic nervous system has little effect on which of these types of activity?

What does a whistling murmur heard between the second and first heart sounds indicate?

Vitamins ____________________ and ____________________ have been shown to slow plaque deposition.

Which of the following actions is done by the chordae tendineae?

Which of these nerves to the heart alters cardiac output by increasing heart rate and contractility?

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -The rapid falling phase of the cardiac action potential is brought about primarily by the outward diffusion of _____.

What percentage of ventricular filling is normally accomplished before atrial contraction begins?

An increase in the parasympathetic activity ____________________ the AV-nodal delay.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -Compare the magnitude of the items in question by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): a. A is greater than B b. B is greater than A c. A and B are equal A. resistance and pressure in the pulmonary circulation B. resistance and pressure in the systemic circulation A. volume of blood pumped out by the left side of the heart B. volume of blood pumped out by the right side of the heart A. spontaneous rate of depolarization in the SA node B. spontaneous rate of depolarization in the ventricles A. velocity of impulse through the bundle of His and Purkinje system B. velocity of impulse conduction through the AV node A. rate of depolarization of the SA node on parasympathetic stimulation B. rate of depolarization of the SA node on sympathetic stimulation A. duration of systole at resting heart rate B. duration of systole at rapid heart rate during exercise A. duration of diastole at resting heart rate B. duration of diastole at rapid heart rate during exercise A. rate of ventricular filling in early diastole B. rate of ventricular filling in late diastole A. stroke volume when end-diastolic volume equals 130 mL B. stroke volume when end-diastolic volume equals 160 mL A. normal stroke volume B. stroke volume on sympathetic stimulation A. volume of blood in the ventricles at the onset of isovolumetric ventricular contraction B. volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of isovolumetric ventricular contraction A. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the aortic valve opens B. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the aortic valve closes A. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the left AV valve opens B. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the left AV valve closes A. duration of the refractory period in cardiac muscle B. duration of contraction in cardiac muscle A. duration of the refractory period in cardiac muscle B. duration of the refractory period in skeletal muscle A. coronary blood flow during systole B. coronary blood flow during diastole

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Explosive increase in membrane permeability to _____ brings about the rapidly rising phase of the action potential in contractile cardiac cells.

Most blood flow through the coronary vessels occurs during ventricular systole when the heart is driving blood forward.

One important function of the intrinsic control of the heart (Frank-Starling law of the heart) is to maintain the left and right cardiac outputs in balance.

The right half of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit. Through which circuit does the left half pump blood?