Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

Which of these statements applies correctly to the retina?

The identical nerve pathway conveys information regarding pressure and temperature sensations of the thumb.

Match the type of neuron, labelled a. through d., with its description(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.all three types of neurons b.both afferent and efferent neurons c.afferent neurons d.efferent neurons or interneurons -autonomic nerves

Night blindness is due to a deficiency of vitamin

Sympathetic postganglionic fibres secrete the neurotransmitter ____________________, whereas parasympathetic postganglionic fibres secrete the neurotransmitter ____________________.

The greatest density of rods is found in the fovea of the macula lutea.

What are the various ways in which toxins can interfere with normal neuron function?

The brain contains naturally occurring morphine-like substances.

Match the receptors, labelled a. through d., with their function. a.tonic receptor b.phasic receptor c.specialized receptor ending of afferent neuron d.separate cell serving as a receptor -generates action potentials in afferent neuron by opening messenger-gated channels

Match the type of nociceptor, labelled a. through c., with the properties associated with each type of nociceptor. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.mechanical nociceptor b.thermal nociceptor c.polymodal nociceptor -activates fast pain pathway

The ganglia of ____________________ fibres of the autonomic nerve pathway are located in the central nervous system.

Sour taste represents stimuli caused by ________________.

Sound waves pass through which one of these structures first?

Most innervated blood vessels receive sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres.

The circular muscle of the iris contracts in response to dim light.

The point of the retina with the most distinct vision is the ____________________.

Which of these activities happens during dark adaptation?

Activation of a sensory pathway at any point gives rise to the same sensation that would be produced by stimulation of the receptors in the body part itself.

What happens in response to movement of the oval window?

The ____________________ is a modified sympathetic ganglion that does not give rise to postganglionic fibres, but instead secretes hormones similar or identical to sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitters into the blood.