Question 1

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammation 
B)  phagocytosis 
C)  interferon production 
D)  complement production 
E)  lysozyme production 
A)  inflammation 
B)  phagocytosis 
C)  interferon production 
D)  complement production 
E)  lysozyme production

Question 2

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils and macrophages. 
B)  basophils and neutrophils. 
C)  eosinophils and macrophages. 
D)  macrophages and monocytes. 
E)  natural killer cells. 
A)  neutrophils and macrophages. 
B)  basophils and neutrophils. 
C)  eosinophils and macrophages. 
D)  macrophages and monocytes. 
E)  natural killer cells.

Question 3

All of the following are the results of complement activation, except

Accepted Answer

A)  opsonization which enhances phagocytosis. 
B)  enhanced inflammation. 
C)  lysis of bacterial cells. 
D)  increased antibody production. 
A)  opsonization which enhances phagocytosis. 
B)  enhanced inflammation. 
C)  lysis of bacterial cells. 
D)  increased antibody production.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of GALT?

Accepted Answer

A)  appendix 
B)  lymph nodes 
C)  spleen 
D)  tonsils 
E)  thymus gland 
A)  appendix 
B)  lymph nodes 
C)  spleen 
D)  tonsils 
E)  thymus gland

Question 5

The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils. 
B)  eosinophils. 
C)  neutrophils. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  lymphocytes. 
A)  basophils. 
B)  eosinophils. 
C)  neutrophils. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  lymphocytes.

Question 6

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When monocytes migrate from the blood out...

Question 7

Which is incorrect regarding fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is present in all vertebrates. 
B)  It stimulates the activity of T-cells. 
C)  It is associated exclusively with bacterial infections. 
D)  When rising, a person feels cold. 
E)  It inhibits the multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms. 
A)  It is present in all vertebrates. 
B)  It stimulates the activity of T-cells. 
C)  It is associated exclusively with bacterial infections. 
D)  When rising, a person feels cold. 
E)  It inhibits the multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms.

Question 8

Each of the following will enhance and promote phagocytosis, except

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition of complement fragments on bacterial cells. 
B)  interaction of TLRs and PAMPs. 
C)  tumor necrosis factor TNF) and other cytokines. 
D)  deposition of interferon on bacterial cells. 
A)  deposition of complement fragments on bacterial cells. 
B)  interaction of TLRs and PAMPs. 
C)  tumor necrosis factor TNF) and other cytokines. 
D)  deposition of interferon on bacterial cells.

Question 9

All of the following pertain to platelets, except

Accepted Answer

A)  they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  they are also called thrombocytes. 
C)  they originate from cells called megakaryocytes. 
D)  they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
E)  they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. 
A)  they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  they are also called thrombocytes. 
C)  they originate from cells called megakaryocytes. 
D)  they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
E)  they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.

Question 10

Pla is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

All the following are events of early inflammation, except

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. 
B)  chemical mediators and cytokines are released. 
C)  brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. 
D)  exudate and pus can accumulate. 
E)  capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema. 
A)  macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. 
B)  chemical mediators and cytokines are released. 
C)  brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. 
D)  exudate and pus can accumulate. 
E)  capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema.

Question 12

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

Accepted Answer

A)  complements. 
B)  interferons. 
C)  leukotrienes. 
D)  pyrogens. 
E)  lysozymes. 
A)  complements. 
B)  interferons. 
C)  leukotrienes. 
D)  pyrogens. 
E)  lysozymes.

Question 13

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid. 
B)  hydrochloric acid. 
C)  lysozyme. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  bile. 
A)  lactic acid. 
B)  hydrochloric acid. 
C)  lysozyme. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  bile.

Question 14

Which white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  basophils 
D)  neutrophils 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  monocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  basophils 
D)  neutrophils 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 15

Which of the following would be a likely outcome if an individual had neutrophils that were incapable of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate production of antibodies 
B)  reduced numbers of circulating neutrophils 
C)  repeated bacterial infections 
D)  poor blood clotting 
E)  numerous allergies 
A)  inadequate production of antibodies 
B)  reduced numbers of circulating neutrophils 
C)  repeated bacterial infections 
D)  poor blood clotting 
E)  numerous allergies

Question 16

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme. 
B)  lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. 
C)  skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. 
D)  stomach hydrochloric acid. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  lysozyme. 
B)  lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. 
C)  skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. 
D)  stomach hydrochloric acid. 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action?

Accepted Answer

A)  TNF 
B)  IL-1 
C)  IL-6 
D)  IFN 
E)  chemokines 
A)  TNF 
B)  IL-1 
C)  IL-6 
D)  IFN 
E)  chemokines

Question 18

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

There is an inherited disorder that decreases the ability of neutrophils to produce a respiratory burst. What aspect of phagocytosis will be affected by this defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment 
B)  chemotaxis 
C)  destruction of microbes 
D)  phagolysosome formation 
E)  ingestion 
A)  attachment 
B)  chemotaxis 
C)  destruction of microbes 
D)  phagolysosome formation 
E)  ingestion

Question 20

Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the

All of the following are the results of complement activation, except

Which of the following is an example of GALT?

The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into _____.

Which is incorrect regarding fever?

Each of the following will enhance and promote phagocytosis, except

All of the following pertain to platelets, except

Pla is also called lymph.

All the following are events of early inflammation, except

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

Which white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections?

Which of the following would be a likely outcome if an individual had neutrophils that were incapable of diapedesis?

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action?

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

There is an inherited disorder that decreases the ability of neutrophils to produce a respiratory burst. What aspect of phagocytosis will be affected by this defect?

Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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