Question 1

Ion levels in the extracellular fluid are adjusted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) thirst 
B) perspiration 
C) ingestion 
D) excretion 
E) all of the above 
A) thirst 
B) perspiration 
C) ingestion 
D) excretion 
E) all of the above

Question 2

An increase in urine production could cause

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in blood volume. 
B) a decrease in blood volume. 
C) an increase in blood pressure. 
D) both an increase in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure. 
E) both a decrease in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure. 
A) an increase in blood volume. 
B) a decrease in blood volume. 
C) an increase in blood pressure. 
D) both an increase in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure. 
E) both a decrease in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure.

Question 3

Comparing reabsorption and secretion in the nephron,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) secretion occurs when materials in the lumen of the tubules reenter the blood 
B) secretion occurs when materials leave the blood at the glomerulus 
C) reabsorption occurs when materials from the blood reenter the tubules 
D) reabsorption occurs when materials in the tubules renter the blood vessels. 
E) reabsorption occurs when materials in the interstitial spaces around the tubules enters the lumen of the tubules. 
A) secretion occurs when materials in the lumen of the tubules reenter the blood 
B) secretion occurs when materials leave the blood at the glomerulus 
C) reabsorption occurs when materials from the blood reenter the tubules 
D) reabsorption occurs when materials in the tubules renter the blood vessels. 
E) reabsorption occurs when materials in the interstitial spaces around the tubules enters the lumen of the tubules.

Question 4

Each renal calyx

Accepted Answer

A) is a funnel-shaped structure. 
B) surrounds the tip of a renal pyramid. 
C) joins to form the renal pelvis. 
D) has all of these characteristics. 
E) has none of these characteristics. 
A) is a funnel-shaped structure. 
B) surrounds the tip of a renal pyramid. 
C) joins to form the renal pelvis. 
D) has all of these characteristics. 
E) has none of these characteristics.

Question 5

________________ decreases the reabsorption of sodium ions.

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II 
A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II

Question 6

The urinary system does all of the following,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) glucose generation and regulation 
B) regulate blood volume 
C) removal of damaged or old red blood cells 
D) regulate plasma concentrations of electrolytes 
E) secretion of hormones & Vitamin D 
A) glucose generation and regulation 
B) regulate blood volume 
C) removal of damaged or old red blood cells 
D) regulate plasma concentrations of electrolytes 
E) secretion of hormones & Vitamin D

Question 7

As the volume of urine in the urinary bladder increases,

Accepted Answer

A) the transitional epithelial cells lining the bladder change from columnar to flat. 
B) the number of layers of transitional epithelial cells appears to increase. 
C) the smooth muscle in the walls of the bladder is stimulated to relax and expand more. 
D) contractions of skeletal muscles in the bladder wall cause it to release urine into the ureters. 
E) Both the transitional epithelial cells lining the bladder change from columnar to flat and the number of layers of transitional epithelial cells appears to increase are correct. 
A) the transitional epithelial cells lining the bladder change from columnar to flat. 
B) the number of layers of transitional epithelial cells appears to increase. 
C) the smooth muscle in the walls of the bladder is stimulated to relax and expand more. 
D) contractions of skeletal muscles in the bladder wall cause it to release urine into the ureters. 
E) Both the transitional epithelial cells lining the bladder change from columnar to flat and the number of layers of transitional epithelial cells appears to increase are correct.

Question 8

The major process essential for urine formation include:

Accepted Answer

A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
D) Both B and C 
E) all of the above 
A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
D) Both B and C 
E) all of the above

Question 9

Which of these factors stimulates the juxtaglomerular apparatus to produce renin?

Accepted Answer

A) sudden decreases in blood pressure 
B) concentration of sodium ions in the blood is too low 
C) concentration of potassium ions in the blood is too high 
D) both sudden decreases in blood pressure and concentration of sodium ions in the blood is too low. 
E) All of these conditions increase renin secretion. 
A) sudden decreases in blood pressure 
B) concentration of sodium ions in the blood is too low 
C) concentration of potassium ions in the blood is too high 
D) both sudden decreases in blood pressure and concentration of sodium ions in the blood is too low. 
E) All of these conditions increase renin secretion.

Question 10

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis - excess production of acidic substances due to increased metabolism 
B) glomerulonephritis - inflammation of the filtration membrane 
C) acute renal failure - rapid and extensive damage to kidney leading to accumulation of urea and other metabolites 
D) peritoneal dialysis - treatment for patients suffering from renal failure in which their blood is passed through a tube in the peritoneal cavity 
E) alcohol - a diuretic that inhibits the secretion of ADH 
A) respiratory acidosis - excess production of acidic substances due to increased metabolism 
B) glomerulonephritis - inflammation of the filtration membrane 
C) acute renal failure - rapid and extensive damage to kidney leading to accumulation of urea and other metabolites 
D) peritoneal dialysis - treatment for patients suffering from renal failure in which their blood is passed through a tube in the peritoneal cavity 
E) alcohol - a diuretic that inhibits the secretion of ADH

Question 11

The micturition reflex

Accepted Answer

A) is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B) is integrated in the spinal cord. 
C) results in parasympathetic action potentials causing the urinary bladder to contract. 
D) can be inhibited by higher brain centers. 
E) has all of these characteristics. 
A) is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B) is integrated in the spinal cord. 
C) results in parasympathetic action potentials causing the urinary bladder to contract. 
D) can be inhibited by higher brain centers. 
E) has all of these characteristics.

Question 12

Diabetes insipidus

Accepted Answer

A) leads to high urine volumes. 
B) produces highly concentrated urine. 
C) results in an increase in the concentration of ADH in the blood. 
D) leads to infrequent urination of very low volume. 
E) produces highly concentrated urine,results in an increase in the concentration of ADH in the blood and leads to infrequent urination of very low volume are correct. 
A) leads to high urine volumes. 
B) produces highly concentrated urine. 
C) results in an increase in the concentration of ADH in the blood. 
D) leads to infrequent urination of very low volume. 
E) produces highly concentrated urine,results in an increase in the concentration of ADH in the blood and leads to infrequent urination of very low volume are correct.

Question 13

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) secretion is stimulated by angiotensin II. 
B) stimulates the absorption of sodium and chloride ions from the lumen of the nephron. 
C) decreases urine volume. 
D) increases blood volume. 
E) produces all of these effects. 
A) secretion is stimulated by angiotensin II. 
B) stimulates the absorption of sodium and chloride ions from the lumen of the nephron. 
C) decreases urine volume. 
D) increases blood volume. 
E) produces all of these effects.

Question 14

_____________ directly increases vasoconstriction.

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II 
A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II

Question 15

-Letter A is (are)the

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule. 
B) glomerulus. 
C) vasa recta. 
D) peritubular capillaries. 
E) afferent arterioles. 
A) Bowman's capsule. 
B) glomerulus. 
C) vasa recta. 
D) peritubular capillaries. 
E) afferent arterioles.

Question 16

Which of these stimulates thirst?

Accepted Answer

A) increase in blood pressure 
B) decreased blood osmolality 
C) dry oral mucosa 
D) decreased levels of angiotensin II 
E) All of these stimulate thirst equally. 
A) increase in blood pressure 
B) decreased blood osmolality 
C) dry oral mucosa 
D) decreased levels of angiotensin II 
E) All of these stimulate thirst equally.

Question 17

The internal urinary sphincter

Accepted Answer

A) is under voluntary control. 
B) is only found in females. 
C) is only found in males. 
D) prevents the semen from being released during urination. 
E) Both is under voluntary control and is only found in males are correct. 
A) is under voluntary control. 
B) is only found in females. 
C) is only found in males. 
D) prevents the semen from being released during urination. 
E) Both is under voluntary control and is only found in males are correct.

Question 18

The collecting duct empties its contents into

Accepted Answer

A) the ureter. 
B) the renal sinus. 
C) the papillary duct. 
D) an afferent arteriole. 
E) the renal corpuscle. 
A) the ureter. 
B) the renal sinus. 
C) the papillary duct. 
D) an afferent arteriole. 
E) the renal corpuscle.

Question 19

Increased carbon dioxide in the blood will result in

Accepted Answer

A) decreased pH of the blood. 
B) stimulation of the neurons in the respiratory center of the brain. 
C) increased rate and depth of ventilation. 
D) all of these events. 
E) none of these events. 
A) decreased pH of the blood. 
B) stimulation of the neurons in the respiratory center of the brain. 
C) increased rate and depth of ventilation. 
D) all of these events. 
E) none of these events.

Question 20

Which of the following substances is completely reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules when it is at normal levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) potassium 
C) glucose 
D) water 
E) All of the above are completely reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A) sodium 
B) potassium 
C) glucose 
D) water 
E) All of the above are completely reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule.

Ion levels in the extracellular fluid are adjusted by which of the following?

An increase in urine production could cause

Comparing reabsorption and secretion in the nephron,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Each renal calyx

________________ decreases the reabsorption of sodium ions.

The urinary system does all of the following,EXCEPT:

As the volume of urine in the urinary bladder increases,

The major process essential for urine formation include:

Which of these factors stimulates the juxtaglomerular apparatus to produce renin?

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

The micturition reflex

Diabetes insipidus

Aldosterone

_____________ directly increases vasoconstriction.

-Letter A is (are)the

Which of these stimulates thirst?

The internal urinary sphincter

The collecting duct empties its contents into

Increased carbon dioxide in the blood will result in

Which of the following substances is completely reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules when it is at normal levels in the blood?

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Cell Structures and Their Functions

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Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

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Senses

Endocrine System

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Exam 18: Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Ion levels in the extracellular fluid are adjusted by which of the following?

An increase in urine production could cause

Comparing reabsorption and secretion in the nephron,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Each renal calyx

________________ decreases the reabsorption of sodium ions.

The urinary system does all of the following,EXCEPT:

As the volume of urine in the urinary bladder increases,

The major process essential for urine formation include:

Which of these factors stimulates the juxtaglomerular apparatus to produce renin?

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

The micturition reflex

Diabetes insipidus

Aldosterone

_____________ directly increases vasoconstriction.

-Letter A is (are)the

Which of these stimulates thirst?

The internal urinary sphincter

The collecting duct empties its contents into

Increased carbon dioxide in the blood will result in

Which of the following substances is completely reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules when it is at normal levels in the blood?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Structures and Their Functions

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Muscular System

Nervous System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

Reproductive System

Development, heredity, and Aging

Filters