Question 1

All of the following will INCREASE the glomerular filtration pressure EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) increased sympathetic stimulation 
B) increased afferent arteriole diameter (dilation of afferent arteriole) 
C) increased blood pressure 
D) increased activation of angiotensin II 
E) decreased concentration of plasma proteins 
A) increased sympathetic stimulation 
B) increased afferent arteriole diameter (dilation of afferent arteriole) 
C) increased blood pressure 
D) increased activation of angiotensin II 
E) decreased concentration of plasma proteins

Question 2

The loop of Henle is categorized into distinct segments including all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) a thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle 
B) a thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C) a thick segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle 
D) a thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
A) a thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle 
B) a thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C) a thick segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle 
D) a thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 3

Concerning body fluid compartments,

Accepted Answer

A) less than 50% of the total body weight is water. 
B) more body fluid is contained in extracellular fluid than in intracellular fluid. 
C) the major influence controlling the movement of water between intracellular and extracellular spaces is osmotic pressure. 
D) sodium concentration is the primary determinant of water location. 
E) All of these are correct statements. 
A) less than 50% of the total body weight is water. 
B) more body fluid is contained in extracellular fluid than in intracellular fluid. 
C) the major influence controlling the movement of water between intracellular and extracellular spaces is osmotic pressure. 
D) sodium concentration is the primary determinant of water location. 
E) All of these are correct statements.

Question 4

Renal arteriosclerosis would

Accepted Answer

A) increase renin secretion. 
B) increase blood volume. 
C) increase blood pressure. 
D) inhibit ADH secretion. 
E) produce all of these effects. 
A) increase renin secretion. 
B) increase blood volume. 
C) increase blood pressure. 
D) inhibit ADH secretion. 
E) produce all of these effects.

Question 5

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 
B) increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts to water. 
C) causes the production of a larger quantity of urine. 
D) causes a less concentrated urine to be produced. 
E) directly decreases blood volume. 
A) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 
B) increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts to water. 
C) causes the production of a larger quantity of urine. 
D) causes a less concentrated urine to be produced. 
E) directly decreases blood volume.

Question 6

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) removes solutes from the filtrate. 
B) is permeable to sodium ions. 
C) is not permeable to water. 
D) produces hypoosmotic filtrate. 
E) has all of these properties. 
A) removes solutes from the filtrate. 
B) is permeable to sodium ions. 
C) is not permeable to water. 
D) produces hypoosmotic filtrate. 
E) has all of these properties.

Question 7

Buffers

Accepted Answer

A) contain salts of weak acids or weak bases. 
B) release hydrogen ions when a base is added to the solution. 
C) keep hydrogen ion concentration and pH within a narrow range. 
D) include phosphate,protein,and bicarbonate systems. 
E) All of these are correct statements. 
A) contain salts of weak acids or weak bases. 
B) release hydrogen ions when a base is added to the solution. 
C) keep hydrogen ion concentration and pH within a narrow range. 
D) include phosphate,protein,and bicarbonate systems. 
E) All of these are correct statements.

Question 8

Which of these cannot pass through the filtration membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) small solutes 
C) ions 
D) cells 
E) glucose 
A) water 
B) small solutes 
C) ions 
D) cells 
E) glucose

Question 9

Which of these is correct concerning sodium ion regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in extracellular sodium causes decreased water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
B) Increased water reabsorption causes a decrease in blood volume. 
C) Increased blood pressure causes a reduction in ADH secretion. 
D) A reduced rate of renin secretion results in an increased rate of aldosterone production. 
E) All of these are correct relationships. 
A) An increase in extracellular sodium causes decreased water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
B) Increased water reabsorption causes a decrease in blood volume. 
C) Increased blood pressure causes a reduction in ADH secretion. 
D) A reduced rate of renin secretion results in an increased rate of aldosterone production. 
E) All of these are correct relationships.

Question 10

Which of these symptoms is NOT consistent with decreased aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) excessive urine production 
B) low blood pressure 
C) high plasma potassium levels 
D) high plasma sodium levels 
A) excessive urine production 
B) low blood pressure 
C) high plasma potassium levels 
D) high plasma sodium levels

Question 11

The primary site for reabsorption of solutes and water is

Accepted Answer

A) the glomerulus. 
B) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) the loop of Henle. 
D) the distal convoluted tubule. 
E) the collecting duct. 
A) the glomerulus. 
B) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) the loop of Henle. 
D) the distal convoluted tubule. 
E) the collecting duct.

Question 12

Atrial natriuretic factor

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted from cells in the right atrium of the heart when blood pressure decreases. 
B) produces a large volume of urine. 
C) increases blood volume. 
D) increases blood pressure. 
E) produces all of these effects. 
A) is secreted from cells in the right atrium of the heart when blood pressure decreases. 
B) produces a large volume of urine. 
C) increases blood volume. 
D) increases blood pressure. 
E) produces all of these effects.

Question 13

The location on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery and vein,renal nerve,and ureter attach to the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A) renal fat pad. 
B) hilum. 
C) renal sinus. 
D) renal pelvis. 
E) renal pyramid. 
A) renal fat pad. 
B) hilum. 
C) renal sinus. 
D) renal pelvis. 
E) renal pyramid.

Question 14

The kidneys control pH by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing or decreasing the volume of urine produced. 
B) increasing or decreasing the number of sodium ions secreted into the final urine. 
C) increasing or decreasing the number of bicarbonate ions reabsorbed from the urine. 
D) increasing or decreasing the number of potassium ions secreted into the final urine. 
E) All of these influence the blood pH. 
A) increasing or decreasing the volume of urine produced. 
B) increasing or decreasing the number of sodium ions secreted into the final urine. 
C) increasing or decreasing the number of bicarbonate ions reabsorbed from the urine. 
D) increasing or decreasing the number of potassium ions secreted into the final urine. 
E) All of these influence the blood pH.

Question 15

The pH of the body is maintained at

Accepted Answer

A) 7.00-8.00. 
B) 6.00-7.00. 
C) 6.25-7.45. 
D) 7.35-7.45. 
E) 7.65-7.85. 
A) 7.00-8.00. 
B) 6.00-7.00. 
C) 6.25-7.45. 
D) 7.35-7.45. 
E) 7.65-7.85.

Question 16

If one nephron in the right kidney becomes blocked and unable to function,

Accepted Answer

A) the kidney would become non-functional. 
B) the person would die. 
C) urine formation would not be greatly affected because there are 1.3 million nephrons in each kidney. 
D) the kidney would no longer be able to create urine. 
E) the filtration and urination rates would decrease significantly. 
A) the kidney would become non-functional. 
B) the person would die. 
C) urine formation would not be greatly affected because there are 1.3 million nephrons in each kidney. 
D) the kidney would no longer be able to create urine. 
E) the filtration and urination rates would decrease significantly.

Question 17

Which of these substances plays a major role in regulating potassium ions?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) atrial natriuretic factor 
C) renin 
D) aldosterone 
E) angiotensin I 
A) ADH 
B) atrial natriuretic factor 
C) renin 
D) aldosterone 
E) angiotensin I

All of the following will INCREASE the glomerular filtration pressure EXCEPT:

The loop of Henle is categorized into distinct segments including all of the following EXCEPT:

Concerning body fluid compartments,

Renal arteriosclerosis would

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Buffers

Which of these cannot pass through the filtration membrane?

Which of these is correct concerning sodium ion regulation?

Which of these symptoms is NOT consistent with decreased aldosterone secretion?

The primary site for reabsorption of solutes and water is

Atrial natriuretic factor

The location on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery and vein,renal nerve,and ureter attach to the kidney is the

The kidneys control pH by

The pH of the body is maintained at

If one nephron in the right kidney becomes blocked and unable to function,

Which of these substances plays a major role in regulating potassium ions?

The Human Organism

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Cell Structures and Their Functions

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Muscular System

Nervous System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

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Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

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Development, heredity, and Aging

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Exam 18: Urinary System and Fluid Balance

All of the following will INCREASE the glomerular filtration pressure EXCEPT:

The loop of Henle is categorized into distinct segments including all of the following EXCEPT:

Concerning body fluid compartments,

Renal arteriosclerosis would

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Buffers

Which of these cannot pass through the filtration membrane?

Which of these is correct concerning sodium ion regulation?

Which of these symptoms is NOT consistent with decreased aldosterone secretion?

The primary site for reabsorption of solutes and water is

Atrial natriuretic factor

The location on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery and vein,renal nerve,and ureter attach to the kidney is the

The kidneys control pH by

The pH of the body is maintained at

If one nephron in the right kidney becomes blocked and unable to function,

Which of these substances plays a major role in regulating potassium ions?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Structures and Their Functions

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Muscular System

Nervous System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

Reproductive System

Development, heredity, and Aging

Filters