Question 1

-Letter J is the

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule. 
B) ascending loop of Henle. 
C) proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) distal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct. 
A) Bowman's capsule. 
B) ascending loop of Henle. 
C) proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) distal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct.

Question 2

The primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron is the

Accepted Answer

A) distal convoluted tubule. 
B) descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
C) Bowman's capsule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct. 
A) distal convoluted tubule. 
B) descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
C) Bowman's capsule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct.

Question 3

Which of these buffer molecules is able to combine with the least number of individual hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A) one phosphate ion 
B) one protein 
C) one bicarbonate ion 
A) one phosphate ion 
B) one protein 
C) one bicarbonate ion

Question 4

All of these substances are secreted into the nephron EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ions 
B) penicillin 
C) ammonia 
D) glucose 
E) histamine 
A) hydrogen ions 
B) penicillin 
C) ammonia 
D) glucose 
E) histamine

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries is fairly constant due to regulation of glomerular arteriole radius. 
B) The concentration of blood proteins within the Bowman's capsule is faily constant. 
C) The osmotic pressure within the Bowman's capsule is fairly constant. 
D) Filtration pressure and rate are normally maintained within a narrow range of values. 
E) All of the above statements are true. 
A) The blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries is fairly constant due to regulation of glomerular arteriole radius. 
B) The concentration of blood proteins within the Bowman's capsule is faily constant. 
C) The osmotic pressure within the Bowman's capsule is fairly constant. 
D) Filtration pressure and rate are normally maintained within a narrow range of values. 
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 6

In the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Accepted Answer

A) sodium and chloride ions are actively reabsorbed. 
B) water moves out by osmosis when ADH is present. 
C) potassium ions are secreted. 
D) all of these events occur. 
E) none of these events occur in distal convoluted tubules,which are always impermeable to solutes and water. 
A) sodium and chloride ions are actively reabsorbed. 
B) water moves out by osmosis when ADH is present. 
C) potassium ions are secreted. 
D) all of these events occur. 
E) none of these events occur in distal convoluted tubules,which are always impermeable to solutes and water.

Question 7

In the first step of urine formation,fluid is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule through

Accepted Answer

A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the filtration membrane. 
C) the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) the renal pelvis. 
E) the afferent arteriole. 
A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the filtration membrane. 
C) the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) the renal pelvis. 
E) the afferent arteriole.

Question 8

In general,when filtration pressure increases,volume of filtrate will

Accepted Answer

A) increase. 
B) decrease. 
C) be unaffected. 
A) increase. 
B) decrease. 
C) be unaffected.

Question 9

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,sodium ions move out by _____,and chloride ions move out by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion,diffusion 
B) diffusion,osmosis 
C) diffusion,secondary active transport 
D) active transport,diffusion 
E) active transport,secondary active transport 
A) diffusion,diffusion 
B) diffusion,osmosis 
C) diffusion,secondary active transport 
D) active transport,diffusion 
E) active transport,secondary active transport

Question 10

Which of the following sections of the nephron DOES NOT either passively or actively transport water from the filtrate to the body?

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule 
B) descending limb of the loop of Henle 
C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct 
A) proximal convoluted tubule 
B) descending limb of the loop of Henle 
C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct

Question 11

A decrease in blood osmolality directly produces or leads to

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in ADH production. 
B) an increase in urine production. 
C) an increase in blood volume. 
D) an increase in urine osmolality. 
E) all of these effects. 
A) an increase in ADH production. 
B) an increase in urine production. 
C) an increase in blood volume. 
D) an increase in urine osmolality. 
E) all of these effects.

Question 12

The reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid is catalyzed by

Accepted Answer

A) phosphates. 
B) carbonic anhydrase. 
C) renin. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) calcitonin. 
A) phosphates. 
B) carbonic anhydrase. 
C) renin. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) calcitonin.

Question 13

Renin is an enzyme that acts on

Accepted Answer

A) angiotensinogen. 
B) angiotensin II. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) angiotensin I. 
E) atrial natriuretic factor. 
A) angiotensinogen. 
B) angiotensin II. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) angiotensin I. 
E) atrial natriuretic factor.

Question 14

Which of these causes decreased blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) secretion of ADH 
B) secretion of renin 
C) secretion of aldosterone 
D) secretion of atrial natriuretic factor 
E) sympathetic stimulation of kidney blood vessels 
A) secretion of ADH 
B) secretion of renin 
C) secretion of aldosterone 
D) secretion of atrial natriuretic factor 
E) sympathetic stimulation of kidney blood vessels

Question 15

All of the following will lead to the production of highly concentrated urine & less urine volume EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) high levels of ADH 
B) increased levels of ANP (Atrial Natiuretic Peptide) 
C) increased levels of renin 
D) stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
E) increased levels of angiotensin II 
A) high levels of ADH 
B) increased levels of ANP (Atrial Natiuretic Peptide) 
C) increased levels of renin 
D) stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
E) increased levels of angiotensin II

Question 16

_______________ increases reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium ions.

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II 
A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II

Question 17

The internal urinary sphincter is made of __________ muscle and under __________ control.

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal,voluntary 
B) skeletal,involuntary 
C) smooth,voluntary 
D) smooth,involuntary 
A) skeletal,voluntary 
B) skeletal,involuntary 
C) smooth,voluntary 
D) smooth,involuntary

Question 18

-Letter G is the

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule. 
B) ascending loop of Henle. 
C) proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) distal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct. 
A) Bowman's capsule. 
B) ascending loop of Henle. 
C) proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) distal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct.

Question 19

___________________ increases the permeability of the collecting duct in the nephron to water.

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II 
A) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II

Question 20

During cardiovascular shock,

Accepted Answer

A) the filtration pressure decreases dramatically. 
B) the kidneys produce large amounts of urine. 
C) the blood flow to the kidneys increases dramatically. 
D) both the afferent arteriole and efferent arterial dilate. 
E) all of the above occur. 
A) the filtration pressure decreases dramatically. 
B) the kidneys produce large amounts of urine. 
C) the blood flow to the kidneys increases dramatically. 
D) both the afferent arteriole and efferent arterial dilate. 
E) all of the above occur.

-Letter J is the

The primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron is the

Which of these buffer molecules is able to combine with the least number of individual hydrogen ions?

All of these substances are secreted into the nephron EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

In the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

In the first step of urine formation,fluid is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule through

In general,when filtration pressure increases,volume of filtrate will

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,sodium ions move out by _,and chloride ions move out by _.

Which of the following sections of the nephron DOES NOT either passively or actively transport water from the filtrate to the body?

A decrease in blood osmolality directly produces or leads to

The reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid is catalyzed by

Renin is an enzyme that acts on

Which of these causes decreased blood pressure?

All of the following will lead to the production of highly concentrated urine & less urine volume EXCEPT:

_______________ increases reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium ions.

The internal urinary sphincter is made of muscle and under control.

-Letter G is the

___________________ increases the permeability of the collecting duct in the nephron to water.

During cardiovascular shock,

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Exam 18: Urinary System and Fluid Balance

-Letter J is the

The primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron is the

Which of these buffer molecules is able to combine with the least number of individual hydrogen ions?

All of these substances are secreted into the nephron EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

In the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

In the first step of urine formation,fluid is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule through

In general,when filtration pressure increases,volume of filtrate will

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,sodium ions move out by _____,and chloride ions move out by _____.

Which of the following sections of the nephron DOES NOT either passively or actively transport water from the filtrate to the body?

A decrease in blood osmolality directly produces or leads to

The reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid is catalyzed by

Renin is an enzyme that acts on

Which of these causes decreased blood pressure?

All of the following will lead to the production of highly concentrated urine & less urine volume EXCEPT:

_______________ increases reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium ions.

The internal urinary sphincter is made of __________ muscle and under __________ control.

-Letter G is the

___________________ increases the permeability of the collecting duct in the nephron to water.

During cardiovascular shock,

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Structures and Their Functions

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Muscular System

Nervous System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

Reproductive System

Development, heredity, and Aging

Filters

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,sodium ions move out by _,and chloride ions move out by _.

The internal urinary sphincter is made of muscle and under control.