Exam 9: More About Using Statistics

If a study involves comparing two means from a within-subjects design, the appropriate statistical test is ______.

The number of scores that can vary in the calculation of a statistic is called ______.

Sample mean differences can be caused by ______.

If the p value for the statistic is less than or equal to the alpha level, the null hypothesis is ______.

When each participant experiences all levels of the independent variable, this is called ______ variable.

Sample mean differences can be caused by the effect, by sampling error, or both.

If a study involves comparing two means from a between-subjects design, the appropriate statistical test is ______.

If the output for a statistical test contains a p value that is less than or equal to alpha, the test is significant and the null hypothesis can be rejected.

If the p value for the statistic is less than or equal to the alpha level, the null hypothesis is accepted, and the researcher concludes that there is an effect.

What is a Type I error? Please provide an example.

The critical region is the most extreme portion of a distribution of statistical values for the null hypothesis, determined by the alpha level, typically of ______.

A researcher conducted a correlational study to examine the relationship between high school GPA and extroversion. A group of high school students completed a measure of extroversion. The GPAs for these students were then obtained from their records. The appropriate statistical test to analyze the data in this study is ______.

If a study involves comparing means from a factorial design, the appropriate statistical test is ______.

For related samples tests, scores for different conditions go in separate columns; no group codes are needed.

The ______ effect tests the effect of one independent variable at each level of another independent variable in an ANOVA.

A Type I error is made in a significance test when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

When each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable, this is ______.

The independent samples t test is used when ______ samples of different individuals are compared.

The hypothesis that an effect or relationship exists (or exists in a specific direction) in the population is the ______.

Discuss the sphericity test. What needs to be done if the sphericity test is significant?