Exam 5: Variables and Measurement in Research

High inter-rater reliability means that there is a high rate of agreement in the way the different observers are recording behaviors.

Suppose a psychologist developed a test to measure intelligence, but this test was poorly developed and really only measured how well people perform on standardized tests (in other words, it doesn't actually measure intelligence). This test would lack ______.

Amount variables involve a manipulation of the amount of a factor in each level.

In a ______, both the participants and the researchers who interact with the participants do not know which participants are assigned to the different groups.

Use the following study description for questions : A researcher conducted a study to examine the effect of number of tasks on performance accuracy. Participants were randomly assigned one or three tasks to perform simultaneously. Accuracy on the target task (the task performed by both groups) was measured for both groups. Accuracy was found to be similar for the two groups. -Describe two possible sources of bias in this study and explain how each source of bias could have caused the results reported.

The simplest scale of measurement is a ______.

Temperature measured in Fahrenheit or Celsius is an example of a(n) ______ measurement scale.

In the ______ design each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable.

A common interval scale is the Likert scale, where respondents are asked how much they agree or disagree with a statement on a 1 to 5 or a 1 to 7 scale.

Having different participants in a study experience conditions in different orders is ______.

In the ______ design each participant experiences all levels of the variable.

An experiment conducted in the participants' natural environment is a(n) ______ experiment.

When different observers of behavior record the behavior in a similar way, the measure is said to have good ______.

Use the following study description for questions : A researcher conducted a study to examine the effect of number of tasks on performance accuracy. Participants were randomly assigned one or three tasks to perform simultaneously. Accuracy on the target task (the task performed by both groups) was measured for both groups. Accuracy was found to be similar for the two groups. -What is the independent variable in this study? What are the levels of the independent variable?

Presence/absence of variables typically includes ______.

The best way to minimize regression toward the mean bias effects is to use ______ of the test for within-subjects variables.

Discuss what scales of measurement mean and how the scale of measurement affects research design.

Use the following study description for questions : A researcher conducted a study to examine the effect of number of tasks on performance accuracy. Participants were randomly assigned one or three tasks to perform simultaneously. Accuracy on the target task (the task performed by both groups) was measured for both groups. Accuracy was found to be similar for the two groups. -What is the dependent variable?

If participants behave in a research study the way they would in their everyday lives, then the study has good external validity.

Suppose that on average, you tend to score about 83% on exams in your courses. Scoring a 95% on the first exam in a course and 84% on the second exam in that course is an example of ______.