Exam 11: More About Correlational Studies

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables are manipulated in the study.

In a scatter plot of a correlational study data set, each dot represents ______.

Pearson r test is used to determine whether a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on an ordinal scale.

A causal relationship can be tested using ______.

Explain the difference between a descriptive research question and a predictive research question. Provide an example of each type of research question.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of ______ relationships.

Correlation equals causation.

How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, the number of social activities attended per week goes down. This finding represents ______.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called a ______.

For a variable to be an independent variable, it must be ______.

At times, correlational studies are the only options because we cannot subject study participants to factors that may negative impact their health for ______.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

A correlational study showed that men who had one or more servings of tomatoes a week were 60% less likely to get prostate cancer. This means that tomatoes cause the reduction in cancer rates.

A correlational study ______ provide causal information about the relationship between the measures, it can only describe the relationship between the behaviors.

In a correlational study, the variable that is used to predict the outcome variable is called the ______ variable.

It is ______ that parental influences have a causal relationship with both the number of hours of TV their children watch and their grades.

Explain what a third-variable problem is and give an example.

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from ______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Important information can be gained from correlational studies about the likelihood of an event based on the relationship with another event, but this relationship may or may not be ______.