Exam 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

On average, children begin saying recognizable words at around _____ months of age.

Chomsky argued that babies are born to learn language.

One benefit for parents of their infant's lack of object permanence is that _____.

According to Piaget, the period of sensorimotor intelligence comes to an end shortly after the first birthday.

The typical order of spoken language development is _____.

Mary hides Ramy's favorite toy under a blanket while Ramy watches. Ramy removes the blanket and squeals when he sees the toy. Mary again hides the toy, but this time under a different blanket. Even though Ramy saw where Mary hid his toy, he still looks under the first blanket before removing the second blanket and retrieving the toy. Ramy has displayed _____.

Babies in the fourth stage of sensorimotor development work to achieve their goals.

Recent research on early affordances provides evidence that _____.

A baby in Piaget's stage three of the sensorimotor period will attempt to make interesting events last.

The usual order of the development of spoken language in an infant is _____.

Heidi is a 12-month-old who communicates with a few one-word holophrases. When she wants a cookie, she gets her mother's attention, looks directly at her face, and says, "Cuh-cuh!" while pointing at the kitchen. Heidi's seems to be very interested in ensuring that her mother understands what she is trying to communicate. Which theory would account for Heidi's motivation to be understood?

Compared to ordinary speech, child-directed speech has a _____ pitch.

Geoff has begun uttering one-word holophrases (e.g., "Dada!"). About how old is Geoff likely to be?

Preverbal infants show a preference for child-directed over ordinary adult speech.

Andrew uses incorrect word forms such as "ain't" and incorrect grammar such as "I don't got none." What would Skinner say was the source of Andrew's poor language development?

When does it first become obvious that a person has discerned the rules of his or her native language?

The difference between primary and secondary circular reactions is that _____.

Briefly describe the first three stages of sensorimotor intelligence, including the months of age that each stage covers. For each stage, give an example of an infant's behavior.

Piaget's theory asserts that development occurs in stages, and information-processing theory asserts that development _____.

Infants learn language to accomplish a variety of goals, so some aspects of language learning are best explained by one theory at one age and other aspects by another theory at another age. This fact supports the _____ theory of language learning.