Exam 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

Johanna watches while her mother hides a toy under a blanket. Her mom asks, "Where is it?" Then Johanna jerks away the blanket to reveal the toy. About how old is Johanna?

The language acquisition device (LAD) was proposed by Chomsky to explain _____.

Amy spontaneously says things such as "mamamamamama" and "dadadadadadada," without referring to anything specific. About how old is Amy likely to be?

Which statement has been demonstrated in experiments?

Newborns prefer _____.

In which of Piaget's sensorimotor stages do infants adapt, anticipate, and become more deliberate in responding to people and objects?

Which type of sentence do infants prefer?

Universal grammar is Chomsky's term for his observation that _____.

The social-pragmatic theory says that babies learn language because they are social beings.

Piaget's first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence are called _____.

The first of Piaget's sensorimotor stages that involves an infant's interaction with something else is _____.

Briefly describe stages four through six of sensorimotor intelligence, including the months of age that each stage covers. For each stage, give an example of an infant's behavior.

Three-month-old Everett sucks vigorously on a breast when he is eating a meal, pressing the nipple against the roof of his mouth to maximize the milk in his mouth. He sucks firmly and rhythmically when sucking on a pacifier to fall asleep, with less pressure from his tongue. These sucking adaptations imply that Everett is in Piaget's stage _____.

_____ is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen.

Explain the characteristics of child-directed speech. Why is it used all over the world?

Explain what the Gibsons meant by an affordance and give an example.

Describe the five stages of spoken language development from birth until the first birthday.

The behavior of an infant in sensorimotor stage four might best be described as _____.

Darius is learning the names of two or three new objects or events every day. This rapid increase in vocabulary is referred to as the _____ explosion.

A visual cliff is used to assess infants' _____.