Exam 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

Which theory of language acquisition would say that some 5-year-olds are far more verbal than others because they were born to be so?

A child's first word combinations-for example, "More cookie," or "My toy"-are called holophrases.

Between 13 and 18 months, infants add approximately _____ new words.

Piaget called an infant's first period of cognitive development _____.

Stage four of the sensorimotor period is known as "new adaptation and _____."

Becky is a 4-month-old infant whose mother uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition when she speaks. Becky delights in her mother's use of _____.

Peyton is a deaf baby whose parents have been communicating with him in American Sign Language. At about what age will Peyton express his first signs?

When 1-week-old Justine feels too warm, she reflexively cries. According to Piaget, Justine is in stage _____ of the sensorimotor period.

Piaget's stages reveal that he believed children begin cognitive development at _____.

The _____ theory of language learning stresses that infants are social beings who learn language in order to communicate with other people.

There are five stages of sensorimotor intelligence.

Greg is 10 months old, and he refuses to crawl across the visual cliff even though his mother is encouraging him to do so. When he was 6 months old, he squirmed across it without hesitation. What has changed for Greg?

Penny, who is in Piaget's sixth stage of cognitive development, observed her older sister using a curling iron. Later, when she was alone, Penny tried to use the curling iron and burned her hand. Penny has displayed _____.

The first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence are _____ circular reactions.

Susan is a 21-month-old who has just begun to make two-word sentences. Her sentences already reveal the grammar of her native language, as she produces her nouns and verbs in the order that mature speakers of her language use. Chomsky would attribute Susan's quick acquisition of grammatical rules to her _____.

Identify the four basic theories of language learning and describe them.

The perspective of cognition that is modeled on computer functioning is called _____ theory.

According to Skinner, a grandfather who smiles whenever the baby says "pa-pa" is providing reinforcement for talking.

Which theory compares human cognition to the workings of a computer?

Object permanence is demonstrated by an infant who _____.