Exam 1: Science, Society, and Criminological Research

Participant observation, intensive interviewing, and focus groups that are designed to capture social life as participants experience it are ______.

The everyday error in reasoning that involves prematurely jumping to conclusions and arguing on the basis of invalid assumption is known as ______.

A social scientist who conducts research on youth violence after first volunteering in an organization dealing with at-risk youth may be said to have ______ motivations.

What is a mixed-methods type of science?

The belief that there is an empirical reality but that our understanding of it is limited by its complexity and by the biases and other limitations of researchers is known as ______.

What are the motivations of social research?

When we want to understand the direct relationship between two or more things, we are using which type of research?

Researchers with a belief that an objective reality exists apart from the perceptions of those who observe it, are conducting research with this philosophy.

An example of ego-based commitments would be when we uncritically agree with authority figures.

A researcher believes girls are more preoccupied with the way they dress than boys.Due to this assumption, he focuses his observations only on girls and their interactions with their friends, neglecting how boys present themselves to others.This is an example of ______.

Positivist guidelines say that a researcher should not maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge because they should have confidence in their investigations.

Interpretivism is the belief that reality is socially constructed and that the goal of social scientists is to understand what meanings people give to that reality.

When we trust the judgments of people who have special training, such as a doctor or a lawyer, we are accepting ______.

Observations based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality are accurate observations.

The constructivist paradigm is an extension of interpretivist philosophy.

What is participant observation? Give an example.

Secondary data analysis is the reanalysis of already existing datA.

The scientific method is a way of knowing that relies on empirical investigation, known as ______.

Methods such as surveys and experiments that record variation in social life in terms of categories that vary in amount are ______.

The everyday error that involves the reluctance to change ideas even in light of new information is called ______.