Exam 2: The Beginning: From Conception to Birth

A woman carrying dizygotic twins drinks alcohol.The twins' blood alcohol levels are equal,yet one twin may be more severely affected than the other because their alleles for the enzyme that metabolizes alcohol differ.This is evidence that the _____ influence(s)the effects of teratogens.

A baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected given the time since conception is referred to as:

Epigenetics means that a trait:

The frequency of low-birthweight in the United States is:

In 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes,both members of each pair are closely matched.Each of these 44 chromosomes is called a(n)"_____."

Vicki was two weeks over her due date.The doctor decided it was BEST for Vicki to _____ labor due to the increasing size of the fetus.

The Apgar scale is used at one minute and five minutes after birth to:

Olivia is pregnant,yet she still has four alcoholic drinks each day.Her baby may be at increased risk for the development of _____ syndrome.

Low levels of _____ during pregnancy can produce neural-tube defects.

Individuals who may especially benefit from preconception,prenatal,or even prenuptial (before marriage)genetic counseling include all the following EXCEPT:

Genes are located on chromosomes.

A surgical birth,in which incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly,is referred to as a "_____."

Every ovum a woman creates contains an X chromosome.

Genes can influence the effects of teratogens.

The full set of genes that provides the instructions for making living organisms is called the:

Andrew and Ashley are the result of two separate ova that were fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time.Andrew and Ashley are _____.

The phenomenon in which low-SES immigrant women tend have fewer birth complications than native-born peers with higher incomes is called the "_____."

An individual's phenotype describes all the following EXCEPT an individual's:

Today,_____ are likely to arrive at a pregnant woman's home during early labor and later work alongside hospital staff.

_____ is the process in which the developing organism embeds itself into the lining of the uterus.