Question 1

Approximately how many base pairs make up the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 million 
B) 64 million 
C) 3 billion 
D) 10 billion 
E) It is still unknown. 
A) 3 million 
B) 64 million 
C) 3 billion 
D) 10 billion 
E) It is still unknown.

Question 2

Which term describes the process by which a message from DNA in the form of mRNA is converted into the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Accepted Answer

A) translation 
B) transcription 
C) initiation 
D) elongation 
E) translocation 
A) translation 
B) transcription 
C) initiation 
D) elongation 
E) translocation

Question 3

Which structure correctly represents the dinucleotide sequence GC that is found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 4

What molecule carries the anticodon sequence that is complementary to the codon sequence on messenger RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) operons 
B) restriction enzymes 
C) transfer RNA 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) ribosomal RNA 
A) operons 
B) restriction enzymes 
C) transfer RNA 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Which statement properly describes the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

A) Ribose is an L-sugar and deoxyribose is a D-sugar. 
B) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than ribose. 
C) Ribose has an α-arrangement and deoxyribose has a β-arrangement. 
D) Ribose is a five-carbon sugar and deoxyribose is a six-carbon sugar. 
E) Deoxyribose has two more hydroxyl groups than ribose. 
A) Ribose is an L-sugar and deoxyribose is a D-sugar. 
B) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than ribose. 
C) Ribose has an α-arrangement and deoxyribose has a β-arrangement. 
D) Ribose is a five-carbon sugar and deoxyribose is a six-carbon sugar. 
E) Deoxyribose has two more hydroxyl groups than ribose.

Question 6

The mRNA codon CAU specifies the amino acid histidine (His).What sequence of nucleotides is found in the anticodon loop of the tRNA molecule that carries His to the ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) CAU 
B) CAT 
C) GTA 
D) GUA 
E) GUT 
A) CAU 
B) CAT 
C) GTA 
D) GUA 
E) GUT

Question 7

What is the term used to describe complexes of many ribosomes all simultaneously translating a single mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) carcinogens 
B) promoters 
C) polysomes 
D) codons 
E) mutagens 
A) carcinogens 
B) promoters 
C) polysomes 
D) codons 
E) mutagens

Question 8

In eukaryotes, the initiator tRNA is bonded to methionine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase in replication?

Accepted Answer

A) It unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the two strands. 
B) It reads the sequence of nucleotides on the parental strand of DNA and catalyzes the polymerization of a complementary daughter DNA strand. 
C) It reads the codons on a DNA molecule and catalyzes the polymerization of a complementary mRNA strand. 
D) It connects the short Okazaki fragments formed in the lagging strand. 
E) It carries the amino acids that are necessary to form a new daughter strand. 
A) It unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the two strands. 
B) It reads the sequence of nucleotides on the parental strand of DNA and catalyzes the polymerization of a complementary daughter DNA strand. 
C) It reads the codons on a DNA molecule and catalyzes the polymerization of a complementary mRNA strand. 
D) It connects the short Okazaki fragments formed in the lagging strand. 
E) It carries the amino acids that are necessary to form a new daughter strand.

Question 10

RNA splicing involves the removal of nucleotide sequences that do not code for a protein in a newly formed mRNA.What are these nonprotein coding sequences called?

Accepted Answer

A) caps 
B) introns 
C) exons 
D) operons 
E) genes 
A) caps 
B) introns 
C) exons 
D) operons 
E) genes

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a base common to both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) adenine 
B) thymine 
C) guanine 
D) cytosine 
E) All of the choices are bases common to both DNA and RNA. 
A) adenine 
B) thymine 
C) guanine 
D) cytosine 
E) All of the choices are bases common to both DNA and RNA.

Question 12

What type of mutation involves the substitution of a single base for another in a codon?

Accepted Answer

A) switch 
B) insertion 
C) point 
D) silent 
E) fragmental 
A) switch 
B) insertion 
C) point 
D) silent 
E) fragmental

Question 13

What type of bond connects the phosphate group to the sugar in a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoester bond 
B) phosphoether bond 
C) glycosidic bond 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) ionic bond 
A) phosphoester bond 
B) phosphoether bond 
C) glycosidic bond 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) ionic bond

Question 14

Which statement concerning the double helix structure of DNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The helix completes one turn every 10 base pairs. 
B) Base pairs in the double helix are attached by way of hydrogen bonding. 
C) The two strands of the double helix are called parallel strands. 
D) The base pairs are directed in toward the middle of the double helix. 
E) In the double helix, adenine connects to thymine and cytosine connects to guanine. 
A) The helix completes one turn every 10 base pairs. 
B) Base pairs in the double helix are attached by way of hydrogen bonding. 
C) The two strands of the double helix are called parallel strands. 
D) The base pairs are directed in toward the middle of the double helix. 
E) In the double helix, adenine connects to thymine and cytosine connects to guanine.

Question 15

Which enzyme catalyzes the transcription of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) transfer RNA 
B) messenger RNA 
C) DNA ligase 
D) RNA polymerase 
E) DNA polymerase 
A) transfer RNA 
B) messenger RNA 
C) DNA ligase 
D) RNA polymerase 
E) DNA polymerase

Question 16

Which of the following components is bonded to the backbone chain of DNA by N-glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoryl groups 
B) nucleotides 
C) pentoses 
D) nitrogenous bases 
E) ammonia 
A) phosphoryl groups 
B) nucleotides 
C) pentoses 
D) nitrogenous bases 
E) ammonia

Question 17

Base pairing between guanine and cytosine is more stable than base pairing between adenine and thymine.Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

A) G/C base pairing involves two large purine bases, while A/T base pairing involves two smaller pyrimidine bases. 
B) G/C base pairing involves three hydrogen bonds, while A/T base pairing involves only two hydrogen bonds. 
C) G/C base pairs are smaller and more compact than A/T base pairs. 
D) G/C base pairs are more widely separated and not as crowded as A/T base pairs. 
E) G/C base pairs appear in DNA and RNA, while A/T base pairs appear only in DNA. 
A) G/C base pairing involves two large purine bases, while A/T base pairing involves two smaller pyrimidine bases. 
B) G/C base pairing involves three hydrogen bonds, while A/T base pairing involves only two hydrogen bonds. 
C) G/C base pairs are smaller and more compact than A/T base pairs. 
D) G/C base pairs are more widely separated and not as crowded as A/T base pairs. 
E) G/C base pairs appear in DNA and RNA, while A/T base pairs appear only in DNA.

Question 18

What enzyme is responsible for reading a parental strand of DNA and catalyzing the polymerization of a complementary daughter strand?

Accepted Answer

A) peptide polymers 
B) DNA isomerase 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) transferase coenzyme A 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) peptide polymers 
B) DNA isomerase 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) transferase coenzyme A 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) The location inside the cell where protein synthesis occurs. 
B) A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein. 
C) A complex of 46 DNA molecules wrapped tightly together in a bundle. 
D) A sequence of three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid. 
E) A complex of proteins and a single DNA molecule wrapped tightly together in a bundle. 
A) The location inside the cell where protein synthesis occurs. 
B) A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein. 
C) A complex of 46 DNA molecules wrapped tightly together in a bundle. 
D) A sequence of three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid. 
E) A complex of proteins and a single DNA molecule wrapped tightly together in a bundle.

Question 20

What directional flow of information is referred to as the "central dogma of molecular biology"?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA → RNA → protein 
B) RNA → DNA → protein 
C) protein → DNA → RNA 
D) protein → RNA → DNA 
E) RNA → protein → DNA 
A) DNA → RNA → protein 
B) RNA → DNA → protein 
C) protein → DNA → RNA 
D) protein → RNA → DNA 
E) RNA → protein → DNA

Exam 20: Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Approximately how many base pairs make up the human genome?

Which term describes the process by which a message from DNA in the form of mRNA is converted into the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Which structure correctly represents the dinucleotide sequence GC that is found in DNA?

What molecule carries the anticodon sequence that is complementary to the codon sequence on messenger RNA?

Which statement properly describes the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

The mRNA codon CAU specifies the amino acid histidine (His).What sequence of nucleotides is found in the anticodon loop of the tRNA molecule that carries His to the ribosomes?

What is the term used to describe complexes of many ribosomes all simultaneously translating a single mRNA?

In eukaryotes, the initiator tRNA is bonded to methionine.

What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase in replication?

RNA splicing involves the removal of nucleotide sequences that do not code for a protein in a newly formed mRNA.What are these nonprotein coding sequences called?

Which of the following is NOT a base common to both DNA and RNA?

What type of mutation involves the substitution of a single base for another in a codon?

What type of bond connects the phosphate group to the sugar in a nucleotide?

Which statement concerning the double helix structure of DNA is FALSE?

Which enzyme catalyzes the transcription of DNA?

Which of the following components is bonded to the backbone chain of DNA by N-glycosidic bonds?

Base pairing between guanine and cytosine is more stable than base pairing between adenine and thymine.Which of the following best explains why?

What enzyme is responsible for reading a parental strand of DNA and catalyzing the polymerization of a complementary daughter strand?

Which of the following correctly describes a chromosome?

What directional flow of information is referred to as the "central dogma of molecular biology"?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

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