Question 1

A DNA strand has the partial sequence 5'-GACTGA-3'.What would be the sequence of its complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-AGUCAG-3' 
B) 3'-AGTCAG-5' 
C) 5'-CTGACT-3' 
D) 3'-CTGACT-5' 
E) 5'-CUGACU-3' 
A) 5'-AGUCAG-3' 
B) 3'-AGTCAG-5' 
C) 5'-CTGACT-3' 
D) 3'-CTGACT-5' 
E) 5'-CUGACU-3'

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning nucleic acids is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleic acids are polymers of repeating monomer units called nucleotides. 
B) DNA is responsible for the storage of genetic information. 
C) RNA is responsible for the transfer and expression of genetic information. 
D) A gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA strand that codes for a particular protein. 
E) A chromosome is a complex of 46 DNA molecules intertwined with proteins. 
A) Nucleic acids are polymers of repeating monomer units called nucleotides. 
B) DNA is responsible for the storage of genetic information. 
C) RNA is responsible for the transfer and expression of genetic information. 
D) A gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA strand that codes for a particular protein. 
E) A chromosome is a complex of 46 DNA molecules intertwined with proteins.

Question 3

Point mutations always result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Adenine present in one strand of a DNA molecule is always hydrogen bonded to what base in the other strand?

Accepted Answer

A) thymine 
B) guanine 
C) cytosine 
D) uracil 
E) adenine 
A) thymine 
B) guanine 
C) cytosine 
D) uracil 
E) adenine

Question 5

Who first described the structure of DNA in 1953?

Accepted Answer

A) Watson and Crick 
B) Chargaff 
C) Garrow 
D) Mendeleev 
E) Einstein 
A) Watson and Crick 
B) Chargaff 
C) Garrow 
D) Mendeleev 
E) Einstein

Question 6

Which statement is FALSE concerning the RNA structure?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA is usually single-stranded. 
B) RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose. 
C) RNA has a phosphoester linkage connecting the sugar to the phosphate group. 
D) Thymine is not in RNA. 
E) RNA and DNA are approximately the same size. 
A) RNA is usually single-stranded. 
B) RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose. 
C) RNA has a phosphoester linkage connecting the sugar to the phosphate group. 
D) Thymine is not in RNA. 
E) RNA and DNA are approximately the same size.

Question 7

A gene contains the sequence 3'-GACTGA-5' on its template strand.What would be the sequence of the transcribed mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) 3'-GACUGA-5' 
B) 5'-GACUGA-3' 
C) 5'-CTGACT-3' 
D) 5'-CUGACU-3' 
E) 3'-AGTCAG-5' 
A) 3'-GACUGA-5' 
B) 5'-GACUGA-3' 
C) 5'-CTGACT-3' 
D) 5'-CUGACU-3' 
E) 3'-AGTCAG-5'

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes what occurs in the biological process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) The two strands of the DNA double helix separate, and two new complementary strands are formed. 
B) The genetic code of DNA is rewritten in mRNA, which leaves the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosomes. 
C) The genetic code contained in mRNA is interpreted by tRNA, and the specific amino acids are brought to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. 
D) Complementary base pairing between mRNA and the template strand of DNA occurs. 
E) A new mRNA molecule is synthesized from the information contained in DNA. 
A) The two strands of the DNA double helix separate, and two new complementary strands are formed. 
B) The genetic code of DNA is rewritten in mRNA, which leaves the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosomes. 
C) The genetic code contained in mRNA is interpreted by tRNA, and the specific amino acids are brought to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. 
D) Complementary base pairing between mRNA and the template strand of DNA occurs. 
E) A new mRNA molecule is synthesized from the information contained in DNA.

Question 9

Which two amino acids are encoded by only a single codon each?

Accepted Answer

A) proline and glycine 
B) cysteine and arginine 
C) phenylalanine and isoleucine 
D) tyrosine and proline 
E) methionine and tryptophan 
A) proline and glycine 
B) cysteine and arginine 
C) phenylalanine and isoleucine 
D) tyrosine and proline 
E) methionine and tryptophan

Question 10

The genetic code is said to be "degenerate".What does this term indicate about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A) Different triplet codons serve as code words for the same amino acid. 
B) The genetic code contains regions of nonprotein coding sequences. 
C) The genetic code can easily undergo mutations that can lead to illnesses such as cancer. 
D) The genetic code is repetitive, and is identical in all species. 
E) The genetic code must be rewritten several times before a functional protein is formed. 
A) Different triplet codons serve as code words for the same amino acid. 
B) The genetic code contains regions of nonprotein coding sequences. 
C) The genetic code can easily undergo mutations that can lead to illnesses such as cancer. 
D) The genetic code is repetitive, and is identical in all species. 
E) The genetic code must be rewritten several times before a functional protein is formed.

Question 11

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that exists as a double helix.Which of the following is responsible for holding the double helix of DNA together?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphodiester bonds between the two strands. 
B) N-glycosidic linkages between the sugar-phosphate backbone on each strand. 
C) Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs on the two strands. 
D) Disulfide bonds between the nucleotides on the two strands. 
E) Thymine dimers between the two strands. 
A) Phosphodiester bonds between the two strands. 
B) N-glycosidic linkages between the sugar-phosphate backbone on each strand. 
C) Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs on the two strands. 
D) Disulfide bonds between the nucleotides on the two strands. 
E) Thymine dimers between the two strands.

Question 12

Which nitrogenous base is normally found in RNA, but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) pyridine 
B) urea 
C) thymine 
D) uracil 
E) purine 
A) pyridine 
B) urea 
C) thymine 
D) uracil 
E) purine

Question 13

In protein synthesis, new amino acids are attached to the N-terminus of the growing peptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which term describes the process by which a single strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) translation 
B) transcription 
C) initiation 
D) elongation 
E) replication 
A) translation 
B) transcription 
C) initiation 
D) elongation 
E) replication

Question 15

RNA can hybridize both to DNA and to other RNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which type of RNA carries the needed amino acids to the ribosomes for use in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) transfer RNA 
B) messenger RNA 
C) ribosomal RNA 
D) RNA polymerase 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) transfer RNA 
B) messenger RNA 
C) ribosomal RNA 
D) RNA polymerase 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Which technique allows scientists to produce unlimited amounts of any gene of interest?

Accepted Answer

A) gel electrophoresis 
B) polymerase chain reaction 
C) southern blot hybridization 
D) thermo coupling 
E) the Ames test 
A) gel electrophoresis 
B) polymerase chain reaction 
C) southern blot hybridization 
D) thermo coupling 
E) the Ames test

Question 18

Which statement concerning DNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA stands for diribonucleic acid. 
B) DNA molecules are located in the nucleus of the cell. 
C) DNA molecules exist tightly wrapped around proteins called histones. 
D) The genetic information of an organism is stored in DNA. 
E) The four common bases found in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. 
A) DNA stands for diribonucleic acid. 
B) DNA molecules are located in the nucleus of the cell. 
C) DNA molecules exist tightly wrapped around proteins called histones. 
D) The genetic information of an organism is stored in DNA. 
E) The four common bases found in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

Question 19

The only important requirement for hybridization of DNA fragments is the presence of complementary nucleic acid sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Phosphate groups can be esterified at any hydroxyl group on a pentose nucleotide.What position is the most common?

Accepted Answer

A) 1' 
B) 2' 
C) 3' 
D) 4' 
E) 5' 
A) 1' 
B) 2' 
C) 3' 
D) 4' 
E) 5'

Exam 20: Introduction to Molecular Genetics

A DNA strand has the partial sequence 5'-GACTGA-3'.What would be the sequence of its complementary strand?

Which of the following statements concerning nucleic acids is FALSE?

Point mutations always result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.

Adenine present in one strand of a DNA molecule is always hydrogen bonded to what base in the other strand?

Who first described the structure of DNA in 1953?

Which statement is FALSE concerning the RNA structure?

A gene contains the sequence 3'-GACTGA-5' on its template strand.What would be the sequence of the transcribed mRNA molecule?

Which of the following correctly describes what occurs in the biological process of translation?

Which two amino acids are encoded by only a single codon each?

The genetic code is said to be "degenerate".What does this term indicate about the genetic code?

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that exists as a double helix.Which of the following is responsible for holding the double helix of DNA together?

Which nitrogenous base is normally found in RNA, but not in DNA?

In protein synthesis, new amino acids are attached to the N-terminus of the growing peptide chain.

Which term describes the process by which a single strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule?

RNA can hybridize both to DNA and to other RNA molecules.

Which type of RNA carries the needed amino acids to the ribosomes for use in protein synthesis?

Which technique allows scientists to produce unlimited amounts of any gene of interest?

Which statement concerning DNA is FALSE?

The only important requirement for hybridization of DNA fragments is the presence of complementary nucleic acid sequences.

Phosphate groups can be esterified at any hydroxyl group on a pentose nucleotide.What position is the most common?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

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