Exam 1: Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

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Moral therapy,advocated by humanitarian reformers (such as Lett,Pinel,Tuke,and Rush),gained popularity in Europe and North America during the early 1800s.Moral therapy was based on the idea that the insane should be treated humanely,without physical restraints.Patients were to be treated with compassion and respect,in a relaxing,stress-free environment.Most advocates of moral therapy believed they could cure mental illness through peaceful surroundings,proper diet and exercise,and activities.In fact,moral therapy did appear to have positive benefits.However,during the 1900s,moral therapy in Canada lost popularity and was replaced by physical and chemical restraints and somatic therapy.Public institutions became larger,thus decreasing the use of moral therapy.Biological approaches suggested that mental problems could be solved quickly and easily through surgery or medication.Even today,no one therapy quite exemplifies the humane approach of moral therapy.

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The widespread availability of technology provides greater opportunity to provide access to psychological services to those who previously would not have had access.For example,those who live in remote areas would not have been able to gain easy access to psychological services at a clinic or at a hospital.Technology also introduces new ways to collect patient data.For example,tablets and smartphones make it possible to track behaviour in real time and this may be helpful in certain therapies and may improve the accuracy of data collection.But technology is associated with ethical challenges.For example,mental health professionals must be careful with the way they manage their online presence (e.g. ,on Facebook or Twitter)and must exercise caution in sharing personal information (e.g. ,photos)on social media platforms.Also,mental health professionals must carefully consider what opinions they decide to make public online.