Question 1

Participants who simulated hypnosis:

Accepted Answer

A)  engaged in dangerous acts more readily than hypnotized people. 
B)  could not be distinguished from hypnotized participants. 
C)  could not be distinguished from participants who received strong pressure from the experimenter. 
D)  were unable to perform dangerous tasks as well as participants who were hypnotized. 
A)  engaged in dangerous acts more readily than hypnotized people. 
B)  could not be distinguished from hypnotized participants. 
C)  could not be distinguished from participants who received strong pressure from the experimenter. 
D)  were unable to perform dangerous tasks as well as participants who were hypnotized.

Question 2

The control group in an experiment:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixes the level of a variable across all experimental conditions. 
B)  is often untreated. 
C)  receives the same levels of the independent variable as the experimental group. 
D)  refers to the manipulation of the independent variable. 
A)  fixes the level of a variable across all experimental conditions. 
B)  is often untreated. 
C)  receives the same levels of the independent variable as the experimental group. 
D)  refers to the manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 3

According to Mill's joint method of agreement and difference:

Accepted Answer

A)  when event A occurs,result X never happens. 
B)  X never happens in the absence of 
C)  X is caused by A if they occur together. 
D)  A and X vary inversely. 
A)  when event A occurs,result X never happens. 
B)  X never happens in the absence of 
C)  X is caused by A if they occur together. 
D)  A and X vary inversely.

Question 4

Generalizability,not surface realism,leads to ecological validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A variable that inadvertently causes an experimental result is:

Accepted Answer

A)  confounded with the dependent variable. 
B)  confounded with the independent variable. 
C)  confounded with the control variables. 
D)  unlikely to be important in experiments. 
A)  confounded with the dependent variable. 
B)  confounded with the independent variable. 
C)  confounded with the control variables. 
D)  unlikely to be important in experiments.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the ways that control is used in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The control group is used as a basis of comparison. 
B)  The independent variable is under controlled manipulation. 
C)  The dependent variable is controlled by the researcher. 
D)  Extraneous variables are held constant. 
A)  The control group is used as a basis of comparison. 
B)  The independent variable is under controlled manipulation. 
C)  The dependent variable is controlled by the researcher. 
D)  Extraneous variables are held constant.

Question 7

A ceiling effect arises when performance is so bad that it can't be measured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Assume that your instructor wants to evaluate the effects of the intensity of surrounding light (in watts)on performance in a Nintendo game.Individuals who vary randomly in their initial skill level on the game are assigned to a room containing an overhead light at a selected intensity.Each participant plays the game in their assigned room at the same time of day,and their high score is measured.A control variable in this study is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  level of light (in watts) 
B)  Nintendo game score 
C)  time of day 
D)  skill level 
A)  level of light (in watts) 
B)  Nintendo game score 
C)  time of day 
D)  skill level

Question 9

Mundane realism:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a crucial problem for external validity. 
B)  is less relevant than generalizability. 
C)  characterizes internally valid experiments. 
D)  refers to aspects of the typical laboratory experiment. 
A)  is a crucial problem for external validity. 
B)  is less relevant than generalizability. 
C)  characterizes internally valid experiments. 
D)  refers to aspects of the typical laboratory experiment.

Question 10

A possible problem in generalizing from the decompression study on pregnant rats is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is risky to generalize from ex post facto studies. 
B)  it is wrong to generalize from unethical research. 
C)  it is risky to generalize across species. 
D)  causality cannot be determined from observational research. 
A)  it is risky to generalize from ex post facto studies. 
B)  it is wrong to generalize from unethical research. 
C)  it is risky to generalize across species. 
D)  causality cannot be determined from observational research.

Question 11

If a participant does too well on a task to observe meaningful differences in behavior,this would most accurately be referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a ceiling effect. 
B)  a floor effect. 
C)  luck. 
D)  a null result. 
A)  a ceiling effect. 
B)  a floor effect. 
C)  luck. 
D)  a null result.

Question 12

Control variables are:

Accepted Answer

A)  potential independent variables that are held constant. 
B)  assigned to the control group. 
C)  measured by the experimenter. 
D)  potential dependent variables that are held constant. 
A)  potential independent variables that are held constant. 
B)  assigned to the control group. 
C)  measured by the experimenter. 
D)  potential dependent variables that are held constant.

Question 13

The "independence" of the independent variable means that it is free from:

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental control. 
B)  influences from the participant. 
C)  manipulation. 
D)  restraints. 
A)  experimental control. 
B)  influences from the participant. 
C)  manipulation. 
D)  restraints.

Question 14

Experiments are tests designed to result in a causal explanation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Assume that your instructor wants to evaluate the potential effects of the amount of caffeine intake on performance in a motor coordination task (playing pinball).Following a specified dose of caffeine,individual scores on pinball are measured.Each participant plays pinball at the same time of day.Also,each participant has been matched for initial skill level at pinball.The independent variable in this study is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dose level 
B)  pinball score 
C)  time of day 
D)  skill level 
A)  dose level 
B)  pinball score 
C)  time of day 
D)  skill level

Question 16

A type 2 error occurs when you fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is,in fact,wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the original Pepsi/Coke challenge,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  preference was caused by the independent variable 
B)  labels and colas were confounded 
C)  people preferred Coke to Pepsi 
D)  preference and colas were confounded 
A)  preference was caused by the independent variable 
B)  labels and colas were confounded 
C)  people preferred Coke to Pepsi 
D)  preference and colas were confounded

Question 18

An experimental group or condition:

Accepted Answer

A)  receives the level of interest of the independent variable. 
B)  receives the baseline level of the independent variable. 
C)  is often untreated. 
D)  is all that is required to conduct an experiment. 
A)  receives the level of interest of the independent variable. 
B)  receives the baseline level of the independent variable. 
C)  is often untreated. 
D)  is all that is required to conduct an experiment.

Question 19

In experiments,the independent variable should be ____,the dependent variable should be ____ ,and the control variable should be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled; constant; randomized 
B)  constant; an effect; causal 
C)  free; restricted; elevated 
D)  balanced; unconfounded; an effect 
E)  manipulated; measured; held constant 
A)  controlled; constant; randomized 
B)  constant; an effect; causal 
C)  free; restricted; elevated 
D)  balanced; unconfounded; an effect 
E)  manipulated; measured; held constant

Question 20

In experiments,independent variables are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the results of careful measurements of behavior. 
B)  extraneous to the experiment and held constant. 
C)  extraneous to the experiment and allowed to vary randomly. 
D)  independent of experimental control. 
E)  varied by the researcher. 
A)  the results of careful measurements of behavior. 
B)  extraneous to the experiment and held constant. 
C)  extraneous to the experiment and allowed to vary randomly. 
D)  independent of experimental control. 
E)  varied by the researcher.

Participants who simulated hypnosis:

The control group in an experiment:

According to Mill's joint method of agreement and difference:

Generalizability,not surface realism,leads to ecological validity.

A variable that inadvertently causes an experimental result is:

Which of the following is not one of the ways that control is used in an experiment?

A ceiling effect arises when performance is so bad that it can't be measured.

Mundane realism:

A possible problem in generalizing from the decompression study on pregnant rats is that:

If a participant does too well on a task to observe meaningful differences in behavior,this would most accurately be referred to as:

Control variables are:

The "independence" of the independent variable means that it is free from:

Experiments are tests designed to result in a causal explanation.

A type 2 error occurs when you fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is,in fact,wrong.

In the original Pepsi/Coke challenge,____.

An experimental group or condition:

In experiments,the independent variable should be ,the dependent variable should be ,and the control variable should be .

In experiments,independent variables are:

Overview of Psychological Research

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Exploring the Literature of Psychology

Conducting Ethical Research

Observations in Psychological Research

Relational Research

Validity and Reliability in Psychological Research

Experimental Design

Complex Design

Small-N Experimentation

Quasi-Experimentation

Interpreting the Results of Research

Presenting Research Results

Appendices a and B Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Filters

Exam 7: Basics of Experimentation

Participants who simulated hypnosis:

The control group in an experiment:

According to Mill's joint method of agreement and difference:

Generalizability,not surface realism,leads to ecological validity.

A variable that inadvertently causes an experimental result is:

Which of the following is not one of the ways that control is used in an experiment?

A ceiling effect arises when performance is so bad that it can't be measured.

Mundane realism:

A possible problem in generalizing from the decompression study on pregnant rats is that:

If a participant does too well on a task to observe meaningful differences in behavior,this would most accurately be referred to as:

Control variables are:

The "independence" of the independent variable means that it is free from:

Experiments are tests designed to result in a causal explanation.

A type 2 error occurs when you fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is,in fact,wrong.

In the original Pepsi/Coke challenge,____.

An experimental group or condition:

In experiments,the independent variable should be ____,the dependent variable should be ____ ,and the control variable should be ____.

In experiments,independent variables are:

Overview of Psychological Research

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Exploring the Literature of Psychology

Conducting Ethical Research

Observations in Psychological Research

Relational Research

Validity and Reliability in Psychological Research

Experimental Design

Complex Design

Small-N Experimentation

Quasi-Experimentation

Interpreting the Results of Research

Presenting Research Results

Appendices a and B Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Filters

In experiments,the independent variable should be ,the dependent variable should be ,and the control variable should be .