Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  height increases as weight decreases 
B)  weight decreases as height decreases 
C)  height decreases as weight increases 
D)  weight stays the same as height increases 
A)  height increases as weight decreases 
B)  weight decreases as height decreases 
C)  height decreases as weight increases 
D)  weight stays the same as height increases

Question 2

A researcher computing the r between age and memory span might:

Accepted Answer

A)  be able to show that old age produces a decrease in memory span 
B)  be able to predict memory span based on age 
C)  make an error because age and memory span are on different scales 
D)  be able to show the effects of age on memory span 
A)  be able to show that old age produces a decrease in memory span 
B)  be able to predict memory span based on age 
C)  make an error because age and memory span are on different scales 
D)  be able to show the effects of age on memory span

Question 3

In the absence of additional information,it is likely that the failure to find a correlation between height and another variable for a sample of professional basketball players indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  a violation of the statistical test. 
B)  reactivity. 
C)  the reliance on a truncated range. 
D)  the presence of floor effects. 
A)  a violation of the statistical test. 
B)  reactivity. 
C)  the reliance on a truncated range. 
D)  the presence of floor effects.

Question 4

Contingency research is usually not done when people can appear in more than one cell of the table.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A researcher finds an r = 0.He/she might be able to conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a strong correlation between the variables. 
B)  there is a negative correlation between the variables. 
C)  there is a positive correlation between the variables. 
D)  there is no correlation between the variables. 
A)  there is a strong correlation between the variables. 
B)  there is a negative correlation between the variables. 
C)  there is a positive correlation between the variables. 
D)  there is no correlation between the variables.

Question 6

Which statement about experiments is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All experiments permit causal conclusions to be made. 
B)  Variables in experiments cannot be confounded. 
C)  Experiments can specify the direction,but not the magnitude,of a relationship between variables. 
D)  Experiments generally offer the researcher more control than relational research. 
A)  All experiments permit causal conclusions to be made. 
B)  Variables in experiments cannot be confounded. 
C)  Experiments can specify the direction,but not the magnitude,of a relationship between variables. 
D)  Experiments generally offer the researcher more control than relational research.

Question 7

A multiple regression procedure is frequently conducted when a researcher desires to predict values along a target variable/dimension using several other variables (e.g.,predicting the number of words recalled from a list following using combined measures of a participant's age and intelligence).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Some scientists argue that experiments provide nothing more than controlled correlations between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which is the best estimate of Pearson's r for the scatter plot below?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  .5 
D)  0 
E)  -1 
A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  .5 
D)  0 
E)  -1

Question 10

In a 4 $\times$ 2 contingency table,there are 8 cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following represents a limitation (i.e.,a threat to internal validity)for any correlational study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some relevant factors could not be examined in a correlational study,but all these factors could be directly manipulated in an experiment. 
B)  A correlational study about smoking is more difficult to set up than a controlled experiment. 
C)  Smoking incidence could be confounded with other variables that might increase susceptibility to cancer. 
D)  It is not possible to construct a contingency table that maps out the relationship between variables. 
A)  Some relevant factors could not be examined in a correlational study,but all these factors could be directly manipulated in an experiment. 
B)  A correlational study about smoking is more difficult to set up than a controlled experiment. 
C)  Smoking incidence could be confounded with other variables that might increase susceptibility to cancer. 
D)  It is not possible to construct a contingency table that maps out the relationship between variables.

Question 12

In research involving after the fact assessment of the data:

Accepted Answer

A)  subject (participant)reactivity is not a problem 
B)  the magnitude of reactivity is unknown 
C)  frequencies are not subject to reactivity 
D)  reactivity is greater than in other kinds of research 
A)  subject (participant)reactivity is not a problem 
B)  the magnitude of reactivity is unknown 
C)  frequencies are not subject to reactivity 
D)  reactivity is greater than in other kinds of research

Question 13

A contingency table that had 4 columns and three rows would be labeled:

Accepted Answer

A)  2 $\times$ 3 
B)  3 $\times$ 2 
C)  3 $\times$ 4 
D)  4 $\times$ 3 
A)  2 $\times$ 3 
B)  3 $\times$ 2 
C)  3 $\times$ 4 
D)  4 $\times$ 3

Question 14

In a negative correlation,high scores on one variable go with low scores on the other variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In an experiment concerned with the effects of hours of food deprivation on the amount eaten,an ultimate cause of changes in eating might be evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Teenage sex has been shown to be more frequent following exposure to sexual content on television.However,sensation seeking behaviors also have been shown to predict teenage sex.In this description sensation seeking can most accurately be labeled as a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple regression 
B)  cross-lagged panel procedure 
C)  covariate 
D)  causal variable 
A)  multiple regression 
B)  cross-lagged panel procedure 
C)  covariate 
D)  causal variable

Question 17

With a truncated range,the researcher:

Accepted Answer

A)  may obtain a very low correlation. 
B)  will have a broad range of scores. 
C)  should correctly assume that there is no relationship between variables. 
D)  may conclude that changes along one variable caused changes along the other variable. 
A)  may obtain a very low correlation. 
B)  will have a broad range of scores. 
C)  should correctly assume that there is no relationship between variables. 
D)  may conclude that changes along one variable caused changes along the other variable.

Question 18

The $\chi$2 statistic most often is used to evaluate data from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experiments 
B)  correlational designs 
C)  contingency tables 
D)  observational studies 
A)  experiments 
B)  correlational designs 
C)  contingency tables 
D)  observational studies

Question 19

A correlation coefficient of zero can be obtained even when there is actually a meaningful relationship between two variables (e.g.,data is collected when there is only slight variation in one of the variables).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following conclusions can be reached given a Pearson's r of -.9 between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  The value along one variable decreases with increases along the other variable. 
B)  There is a very weak relationship between the two variables. 
C)  There is a perfect relationship between the two variables. 
D)  The direction of the relationship cannot be determined. 
A)  The value along one variable decreases with increases along the other variable. 
B)  There is a very weak relationship between the two variables. 
C)  There is a perfect relationship between the two variables. 
D)  The direction of the relationship cannot be determined.

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

A researcher computing the r between age and memory span might:

In the absence of additional information,it is likely that the failure to find a correlation between height and another variable for a sample of professional basketball players indicates:

Contingency research is usually not done when people can appear in more than one cell of the table.

A researcher finds an r = 0.He/she might be able to conclude that:

Which statement about experiments is true?

A multiple regression procedure is frequently conducted when a researcher desires to predict values along a target variable/dimension using several other variables (e.g.,predicting the number of words recalled from a list following using combined measures of a participant's age and intelligence).

Some scientists argue that experiments provide nothing more than controlled correlations between variables.

Which is the best estimate of Pearson's r for the scatter plot below?

In a 4 $\times$ 2 contingency table,there are 8 cells.

Which of the following represents a limitation (i.e.,a threat to internal validity)for any correlational study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer?

In research involving after the fact assessment of the data:

A contingency table that had 4 columns and three rows would be labeled:

In a negative correlation,high scores on one variable go with low scores on the other variable.

In an experiment concerned with the effects of hours of food deprivation on the amount eaten,an ultimate cause of changes in eating might be evolution.

Teenage sex has been shown to be more frequent following exposure to sexual content on television.However,sensation seeking behaviors also have been shown to predict teenage sex.In this description sensation seeking can most accurately be labeled as a ____.

With a truncated range,the researcher:

The $\chi$ ² statistic most often is used to evaluate data from ____.

A correlation coefficient of zero can be obtained even when there is actually a meaningful relationship between two variables (e.g.,data is collected when there is only slight variation in one of the variables).

Which of the following conclusions can be reached given a Pearson's r of -.9 between two variables?

Overview of Psychological Research

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Exploring the Literature of Psychology

Conducting Ethical Research

Observations in Psychological Research

Basics of Experimentation

Validity and Reliability in Psychological Research

Experimental Design

Complex Design

Small-N Experimentation

Quasi-Experimentation

Interpreting the Results of Research

Presenting Research Results

Appendices a and B Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Filters

Exam 6: Relational Research

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

A researcher computing the r between age and memory span might:

In the absence of additional information,it is likely that the failure to find a correlation between height and another variable for a sample of professional basketball players indicates:

Contingency research is usually not done when people can appear in more than one cell of the table.

A researcher finds an r = 0.He/she might be able to conclude that:

Which statement about experiments is true?

A multiple regression procedure is frequently conducted when a researcher desires to predict values along a target variable/dimension using several other variables (e.g.,predicting the number of words recalled from a list following using combined measures of a participant's age and intelligence).

Some scientists argue that experiments provide nothing more than controlled correlations between variables.

Which is the best estimate of Pearson's r for the scatter plot below?

In a 4 ×\times× 2 contingency table,there are 8 cells.

Which of the following represents a limitation (i.e.,a threat to internal validity)for any correlational study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer?

In research involving after the fact assessment of the data:

A contingency table that had 4 columns and three rows would be labeled:

In a negative correlation,high scores on one variable go with low scores on the other variable.

In an experiment concerned with the effects of hours of food deprivation on the amount eaten,an ultimate cause of changes in eating might be evolution.

Teenage sex has been shown to be more frequent following exposure to sexual content on television.However,sensation seeking behaviors also have been shown to predict teenage sex.In this description sensation seeking can most accurately be labeled as a ____.

With a truncated range,the researcher:

The χ\chiχ 2 statistic most often is used to evaluate data from ____.

A correlation coefficient of zero can be obtained even when there is actually a meaningful relationship between two variables (e.g.,data is collected when there is only slight variation in one of the variables).

Which of the following conclusions can be reached given a Pearson's r of -.9 between two variables?

Overview of Psychological Research

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Exploring the Literature of Psychology

Conducting Ethical Research

Observations in Psychological Research

Basics of Experimentation

Validity and Reliability in Psychological Research

Experimental Design

Complex Design

Small-N Experimentation

Quasi-Experimentation

Interpreting the Results of Research

Presenting Research Results

Appendices a and B Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Filters

In a 4 $\times$ 2 contingency table,there are 8 cells.

The $\chi$ ² statistic most often is used to evaluate data from ____.