Question 1

One reason Europeans were able to colonize and dominate other cultures was that they

Accepted Answer

A)  never needed to develop metal-based tools for agriculture. 
B)  lived close together in cities and thereby developed immunities to certain diseases. 
C)  gathered food rather than hunted or farmed. 
D)  failed to appreciate the importance of their local geography. 
A)  never needed to develop metal-based tools for agriculture. 
B)  lived close together in cities and thereby developed immunities to certain diseases. 
C)  gathered food rather than hunted or farmed. 
D)  failed to appreciate the importance of their local geography. B

Question 2

Jinny's parents are from China, but she was born and raised in the United States. If Jinny believes that American culture and Chinese culture are in conflict with each other, she is likely to be ________ in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  high; bicultural identity integration 
B)  low; bicultural identity integration 
C)  high; ethnocentrism 
D)  low; ethnocentrism 
A)  high; bicultural identity integration 
B)  low; bicultural identity integration 
C)  high; ethnocentrism 
D)  low; ethnocentrism B

Question 3

Which of the following people is likely to be the MOST individualistic?

Accepted Answer

A)  a woman from Japan 
B)  a man from India 
C)  an African American woman 
D)  a European American man 
A)  a woman from Japan 
B)  a man from India 
C)  an African American woman 
D)  a European American man D

Question 4

Countries with low average levels of self-esteem also tend to have high rates of

Accepted Answer

A)  narcissism. 
B)  locus of control. 
C)  violence. 
D)  suicide. 
A)  narcissism. 
B)  locus of control. 
C)  violence. 
D)  suicide.

Question 5

"Losing face" is a primary danger in a(n) ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  complex 
B)  individualist 
C)  tight 
D)  collectivist 
A)  complex 
B)  individualist 
C)  tight 
D)  collectivist

Question 6

What is culture? Why are personality psychologists interested in cross-cultural differences? What are some of the reasons why this is a difficult topic of study?

Accepted Answer

Culture can be defined as the shared bel

Question 7

________ occurs when someone moves to a new place and gradually picks up the culture of the new location.

Accepted Answer

A)  Acculturation 
B)  Enculturation 
C)  Assimilation 
D)  Accommodation 
A)  Acculturation 
B)  Enculturation 
C)  Assimilation 
D)  Accommodation

Question 8

It has been suggested that the only way psychologists can address the generalizability issue is to

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct research using participants from around the world. 
B)  limit their focus to one homogeneous sample at a time. 
C)  subtract the effects of culture from their research findings. 
D)  repeat their studies in carefully controlled laboratory settings. 
A)  conduct research using participants from around the world. 
B)  limit their focus to one homogeneous sample at a time. 
C)  subtract the effects of culture from their research findings. 
D)  repeat their studies in carefully controlled laboratory settings.

Question 9

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic.
-Collectivism

Accepted Answer

A) High sensitivity to threats to reputation 
B) Limited acceptance for those outside cultural norms 
C) Belief that one's value is directly linked to one's own success overcoming obstacles 
D) Belief that the needs of the group outweigh the needs of the individual 
E) Limited availability of goals and the ways to achieve them
F)Belief that people are unique
G)Belief that one's value is unrelated to others' opinions
H)Emphasis on attaining goals
I)Avoidance of social conflict through hierarchy, humility, and harmony
J)Sensitivity to success and failure 
A) High sensitivity to threats to reputation 
B) Limited acceptance for those outside cultural norms 
C) Belief that one's value is directly linked to one's own success overcoming obstacles 
D) Belief that the needs of the group outweigh the needs of the individual 
E) Limited availability of goals and the ways to achieve them
F)Belief that people are unique
G)Belief that one's value is unrelated to others' opinions
H)Emphasis on attaining goals
I)Avoidance of social conflict through hierarchy, humility, and harmony
J)Sensitivity to success and failure

Question 10

According to Henrich et al., 80 percent of participants come from countries that are

Accepted Answer

A)  Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. 
B)  white, European, independent, Republican, and diligent. 
C)  wealthy, extraverted, intellectual, reactive, and dominant. 
D)  weak, Eastern, introverted, regressive, and distant. 
A)  Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. 
B)  white, European, independent, Republican, and diligent. 
C)  wealthy, extraverted, intellectual, reactive, and dominant. 
D)  weak, Eastern, introverted, regressive, and distant.

Question 11

Concepts like amae and yuan might be ________, whereas concepts like duty and obligations to the group might be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  etic; emic 
B)  emic; etic 
C)  experience near; experience far 
D)  experience far; experience near 
A)  etic; emic 
B)  emic; etic 
C)  experience near; experience far 
D)  experience far; experience near

Question 12

Extraversion, openness, and sociosexuality might be lower in countries near the equator because low levels of these traits

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitate greater group cooperation. 
B)  reduce interpersonal contact and disease risk. 
C)  promote psychological well-being in warm climates. 
D)  facilitate hunting in complicated ecological systems. 
A)  facilitate greater group cooperation. 
B)  reduce interpersonal contact and disease risk. 
C)  promote psychological well-being in warm climates. 
D)  facilitate hunting in complicated ecological systems.

Question 13

What are the reasons why cultural differences in personality might be exaggerated?

Accepted Answer

There are several reasons why cultural d

Question 14

Psychologists who are concerned that the results of contemporary empirical research may not apply to all people everywhere are questioning the ________ of those results.

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability 
B)  generalizability 
C)  cross-cultural flexibility 
D)  construct validity 
A)  reliability 
B)  generalizability 
C)  cross-cultural flexibility 
D)  construct validity

Question 15

Several studies have examined whether certain Big Five traits apply universally across cultures. As it stands, which trait does NOT appear to be truly universal?

Accepted Answer

A)  agreeableness 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  openness 
A)  agreeableness 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  openness

Question 16

According to the ecological approach, differences in ecology generate differences in ________, which in turn shapes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  socialization; culture 
B)  personality; culture 
C)  culture; socialization 
D)  behavior; personality 
A)  socialization; culture 
B)  personality; culture 
C)  culture; socialization 
D)  behavior; personality

Question 17

Individuals from which country would be the LEAST willing to describe themselves in contradictory terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  China 
B)  Japan 
C)  India 
D)  United States 
A)  China 
B)  Japan 
C)  India 
D)  United States

Question 18

According to the text, which of the following is considered to have a collectivist-vertical society?

Accepted Answer

A)  United States 
B)  Israel 
C)  Japan 
D)  China 
A)  United States 
B)  Israel 
C)  Japan 
D)  China

Question 19

What does it mean for a culture to think holistically?

Accepted Answer

A)  It explains events in context and seeks to integrate divergent points of view. 
B)  It describes people in terms of their traits, life stories, and personal goals. 
C)  It describes the world as it stands in the present moment. 
D)  It explains events in isolation and seeks to set different points of views against one another. 
A)  It explains events in context and seeks to integrate divergent points of view. 
B)  It describes people in terms of their traits, life stories, and personal goals. 
C)  It describes the world as it stands in the present moment. 
D)  It explains events in isolation and seeks to set different points of views against one another.

Question 20

According to the text, which of the following is considered to have an individualist-horizontal society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brazil 
B)  Israel 
C)  Norway 
D)  France 
A)  Brazil 
B)  Israel 
C)  Norway 
D)  France

One reason Europeans were able to colonize and dominate other cultures was that they

Jinny's parents are from China, but she was born and raised in the United States. If Jinny believes that American culture and Chinese culture are in conflict with each other, she is likely to be in .

Which of the following people is likely to be the MOST individualistic?

Countries with low average levels of self-esteem also tend to have high rates of

"Losing face" is a primary danger in a(n) ________ culture.

What is culture? Why are personality psychologists interested in cross-cultural differences? What are some of the reasons why this is a difficult topic of study?

________ occurs when someone moves to a new place and gradually picks up the culture of the new location.

It has been suggested that the only way psychologists can address the generalizability issue is to

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic. -Collectivism

According to Henrich et al., 80 percent of participants come from countries that are

Concepts like amae and yuan might be , whereas concepts like duty and obligations to the group might be .

Extraversion, openness, and sociosexuality might be lower in countries near the equator because low levels of these traits

What are the reasons why cultural differences in personality might be exaggerated?

Psychologists who are concerned that the results of contemporary empirical research may not apply to all people everywhere are questioning the ________ of those results.

Several studies have examined whether certain Big Five traits apply universally across cultures. As it stands, which trait does NOT appear to be truly universal?

According to the ecological approach, differences in ecology generate differences in , which in turn shapes .

Individuals from which country would be the LEAST willing to describe themselves in contradictory terms?

According to the text, which of the following is considered to have a collectivist-vertical society?

What does it mean for a culture to think holistically?

According to the text, which of the following is considered to have an individualist-horizontal society?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

One reason Europeans were able to colonize and dominate other cultures was that they

Jinny's parents are from China, but she was born and raised in the United States. If Jinny believes that American culture and Chinese culture are in conflict with each other, she is likely to be ________ in ________.

Which of the following people is likely to be the MOST individualistic?

Countries with low average levels of self-esteem also tend to have high rates of

"Losing face" is a primary danger in a(n) ________ culture.

What is culture? Why are personality psychologists interested in cross-cultural differences? What are some of the reasons why this is a difficult topic of study?

________ occurs when someone moves to a new place and gradually picks up the culture of the new location.

It has been suggested that the only way psychologists can address the generalizability issue is to

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic. -Collectivism

According to Henrich et al., 80 percent of participants come from countries that are

Concepts like amae and yuan might be ________, whereas concepts like duty and obligations to the group might be ________.

Extraversion, openness, and sociosexuality might be lower in countries near the equator because low levels of these traits

What are the reasons why cultural differences in personality might be exaggerated?

Psychologists who are concerned that the results of contemporary empirical research may not apply to all people everywhere are questioning the ________ of those results.

Several studies have examined whether certain Big Five traits apply universally across cultures. As it stands, which trait does NOT appear to be truly universal?

According to the ecological approach, differences in ecology generate differences in ________, which in turn shapes ________.

Individuals from which country would be the LEAST willing to describe themselves in contradictory terms?

According to the text, which of the following is considered to have a collectivist-vertical society?

What does it mean for a culture to think holistically?

According to the text, which of the following is considered to have an individualist-horizontal society?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Jinny's parents are from China, but she was born and raised in the United States. If Jinny believes that American culture and Chinese culture are in conflict with each other, she is likely to be in .

Concepts like amae and yuan might be , whereas concepts like duty and obligations to the group might be .

According to the ecological approach, differences in ecology generate differences in , which in turn shapes .